【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的大幅提升,西部大開發(fā)的逐漸深入,穿越高烈度、強(qiáng)震區(qū)等復(fù)雜地質(zhì)條件下的隧道工程大量涌現(xiàn),而上述地區(qū)強(qiáng)震后對原有山體形成的損傷使得原本復(fù)雜的山區(qū)環(huán)境更加艱險(xiǎn),隧道建設(shè)過程中遇到的技術(shù)難題更甚,頻繁發(fā)生的余震也將給西部地震災(zāi)區(qū)隧道施工帶來極大的安全隱患。如何有效預(yù)防和減少建設(shè)過程中隧道災(zāi)害的發(fā)生成為擺在業(yè)界學(xué)者面前的首要問題。因此,對于強(qiáng)震后地質(zhì)條件相對復(fù)雜的西部山區(qū)隧道尤其是受地震影響嚴(yán)重的軟巖隧道建設(shè)中亟待解決的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題開展研究具有重要的理論價(jià)值與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義�；诖�,本文以穿越5.12汶川地震發(fā)震斷裂---龍門山活動(dòng)斷裂帶上在建的廣甘高速公路隧道群為依托,針對穿越強(qiáng)震動(dòng)力作用后形成的大量“松”而未“動(dòng)”,“裂”而未“塌”的軟巖隧道為研究對象,基于廣泛的資料搜集與現(xiàn)場調(diào)研,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)、數(shù)值分析等綜合研究手段,對強(qiáng)震后軟弱巖體典型性狀進(jìn)行了深入剖析,并以此為基礎(chǔ),對震裂巖體區(qū)軟巖隧道施工過程中的失穩(wěn)破壞模式、成因機(jī)制及余震作用下的災(zāi)變特性及失穩(wěn)機(jī)理進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,通過現(xiàn)場實(shí)踐,對震裂軟巖隧道施工中出現(xiàn)的失穩(wěn)破壞治理方案進(jìn)行了深入探討,取得了以下主要研究成果：(1)通過對強(qiáng)震區(qū)軟巖隧道建設(shè)過程中揭露的大量軟弱巖體資料的搜集與現(xiàn)場調(diào)研分析,揭示了強(qiáng)震區(qū)軟弱巖體密度偏低、彈性波速小、透水性強(qiáng)及架空現(xiàn)象明顯等基本特征,原始地應(yīng)力得到一定程度釋放的基本特性。(2)通過對震裂巖體區(qū)軟巖隧道失穩(wěn)破壞現(xiàn)象的大量調(diào)研,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)分析,揭示了該場體條件下隧道施工期圍巖-支護(hù)失穩(wěn)破壞的主要特征及以溜坍為主的塌方表現(xiàn)形式,探明了震裂巖體區(qū)軟巖隧道失穩(wěn)破壞的主要發(fā)生部位。(3)基于調(diào)研統(tǒng)計(jì)和現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn),結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬及理論分析,剖析了震裂軟巖隧道圍巖-支護(hù)失穩(wěn)破壞的影響因素及成因機(jī)制,揭示出圍巖自身強(qiáng)度低,自穩(wěn)能力弱及地下水對巖體的弱化作用是震區(qū)軟巖隧道發(fā)生失穩(wěn)破壞的重要誘因；而支護(hù)背后的缺陷,以及設(shè)計(jì)和施工過程中對圍巖特性認(rèn)識不清,致使施工工法、支護(hù)措施、施工工藝等不當(dāng),也是誘發(fā)隧道發(fā)生圍巖-支護(hù)失穩(wěn)破壞的關(guān)鍵因素。(4)通過對強(qiáng)震區(qū)震裂軟巖隧道施工期余震作用下圍巖-初支結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)破壞典型案例分析,采用數(shù)值分析手段,剖析了不同支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)剛度和不同地震入射方向條件下,圍巖-支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)規(guī)律,得出了不同剛度的初支結(jié)構(gòu),其內(nèi)力的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)規(guī)律基本一致,對于只施作了初支的隧道而言,拱腰和拱腳更易受地震作用而產(chǎn)生手拉破壞；揭示了余震作用下不同空洞缺陷規(guī)模及分布位置對支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力影響規(guī)律,提出了地震作用并不會使空洞對襯砌的影響范圍明顯擴(kuò)大,但會使得空洞附近產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力集中、支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)承載能力降低,易出現(xiàn)拉剪或壓剪開裂等失穩(wěn)破壞,探明了震裂巖體區(qū)軟巖隧道施工期余震作用下的失穩(wěn)機(jī)理。(5)綜合震裂巖體區(qū)軟巖隧道在靜、動(dòng)力作用下失穩(wěn)破壞的影響因素及機(jī)制分析,提出了以超前加固、塌腔回填、地下水引排及加強(qiáng)支護(hù)為主的處治加固原則,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)場具體失穩(wěn)破壞實(shí)例,依據(jù)上述處治原則,成功實(shí)施了試驗(yàn)段的整治加固,并通過現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了處治效果的可靠性,有效地控制了圍巖-支護(hù)失穩(wěn)段的圍巖的穩(wěn)定性,確保了施工的安全性,保障了施工的工程進(jìn)度。
[Abstract]:Along with the great improvement of our country's economic strength, the development of the western region is deepening gradually, and a large number of tunnels have emerged under the complicated geological conditions such as high intensity and strong earthquake areas. The damage to the original mountain after the strong earthquake in the above-mentioned areas makes the original complex mountain environment more difficult and dangerous, and the technical problems encountered in the process of tunnel construction are even more serious. Frequent aftershocks will also bring great potential safety hazards to the construction of tunnels in earthquake-stricken areas of Western China. How to effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of tunnel disasters in the process of construction has become the primary problem facing scholars in the industry. Therefore, for the tunnels in western mountain areas with relatively complicated geological conditions after strong earthquakes, especially those seriously affected by earthquakes. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the key technical problems in soft rock tunnel construction. Based on this, this paper takes the Guang-Gan Expressway Tunnel Group under construction across the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake-triggered Fault-Longmenshan Active Fault Zone as the backing, aiming at the large number of loose tunnels formed after strong seismic force. Based on extensive data collection and field investigation, combined with field test and numerical analysis, the typical characteristics of weak rock mass after strong earthquake are analyzed in depth. On this basis, the instability and failure of soft rock tunnel in seismic fractured rock mass area during construction are studied. The bad mode, genetic mechanism, catastrophic characteristics and instability mechanism under aftershocks are systematically studied. Through field practice, the treatment schemes of instability and failure in the construction of soft rock tunnel with seismic cracks are discussed in depth. The main research results are as follows: (1) A large number of soft rock tunnels exposed during the construction of soft rock tunnel in strong earthquake area are obtained. The basic characteristics of weak rock mass, such as low density, low elastic wave velocity, strong permeability and obvious overhead phenomenon, are revealed through the collection and field investigation and analysis of weak rock mass data. (2) Through a large number of investigation and Study on instability and failure of soft rock tunnel in seismic fractured rock mass area, and combined with the site investigation The monitoring data analysis reveals the main characteristics of surrounding rock-support instability and the main form of collapse in the construction period of the tunnel under the condition of the site. The main location of instability failure of soft rock tunnel in the area of fractured rock mass is found out. (3) Based on investigation statistics and field tests, combined with numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the seismic cracking is analyzed. Influencing factors and genetic mechanism of surrounding rock-support instability failure of soft rock tunnel reveal that low strength of surrounding rock, weak self-stability ability and weakening effect of groundwater on rock mass are important causes of instability failure of soft rock tunnel in earthquake area, and the defects behind the support, as well as unclear understanding of surrounding rock characteristics in design and construction process, lead to the implementation of the tunnel. The improper construction method, support measures and construction technology are also the key factors to induce the instability failure of surrounding rock-support in the tunnel. (4) By analyzing the typical cases of instability failure of surrounding rock-initial support structure under the aftershocks in the strong earthquake zone during the construction period of soft rock tunnel, the stiffness of different supporting structures and different earthquake entry are analyzed by numerical analysis method. Under the condition of shooting direction, the dynamic response law of surrounding rock-supporting structure is obtained, and the dynamic response law of the initial support structure with different stiffness is basically the same. For the tunnel with only initial support, the arch waist and arch foot are more susceptible to earthquake and are more susceptible to hand-pulling failure. The influence law of location on the internal force of supporting structure is put forward. It is pointed out that the seismic action will not make the influence range of cavity on lining obviously enlarged, but will cause stress concentration near the cavity, reduce the bearing capacity of supporting structure, and easily lead to instability failure such as tension-shear or compression-shear cracking. (5) Based on the analysis of the influencing factors and mechanism of the instability failure of soft rock tunnel under static and dynamic action in seismic fractured rock mass area, the treatment and reinforcement principles of leading reinforcement, cave backfilling, groundwater drainage and reinforcement support are put forward, and the test section is successfully implemented according to the above-mentioned treatment principles in combination with the concrete on-site instability failure examples. Through field monitoring, the reliability of treatment effect is further verified, and the stability of surrounding rock-support instability section is effectively controlled, the construction safety is ensured and the construction progress is guaranteed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U455

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