【摘要】：十七大以來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的快速發(fā)展，無(wú)論是道路交通還是鐵路交通已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿足其基本要求。加快偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)交通建設(shè)特別是山區(qū)交通建設(shè)，拉動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，已成為政府工作的重點(diǎn)。由于隧道工程的施工技術(shù)要求高，工序繁瑣，不確定因素多，管理還不夠完善，在施工中面臨著各種各樣的已知的或者未知的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)刻威脅著施工人員、機(jī)械，嚴(yán)重的使整個(gè)工程都陷入癱瘓。所以，對(duì)隧道進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估管理不論對(duì)人員機(jī)械的安全，還是控制成本；保證工期和施工質(zhì)量方面都具有重大的意義。 本文以大跨偏壓淺埋路灣隧道為研究背景，以專家調(diào)查法、故障樹(shù)分析法、數(shù)值分析為理論基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)隧道施工階段安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和出洞施工進(jìn)行了分析研究。研究?jī)?nèi)容及取得到主要結(jié)論有： 通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展近況，研究了公路隧道施工安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的內(nèi)涵、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的流程、方法和指標(biāo)體系，建立公路隧道施工安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理體系。 采用調(diào)查表與專家咨詢法，辨識(shí)出了路灣隧道施工安全的主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素，得出了路灣隧道施工存在大變形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、洞口失穩(wěn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、物體打擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、交通事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等十一個(gè)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。利用故障樹(shù)分析法建立評(píng)估模型；利用專家咨詢法得到各個(gè)基本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的概率；基于故障樹(shù)算法計(jì)算出各個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件發(fā)生的概率并且進(jìn)行了重要性排序；發(fā)現(xiàn)路灣隧道在施工過(guò)程中，不良地質(zhì)造成的大變形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和洞口失穩(wěn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生的概率是最大，并對(duì)每個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件進(jìn)行了定性分析并給出了應(yīng)對(duì)措施。 針對(duì)大變形、洞口失穩(wěn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，利用FLAC3D軟件對(duì)大跨偏壓淺埋路灣隧道出洞技術(shù)進(jìn)行分析研究，得出了雙側(cè)壁導(dǎo)坑法在隧道出洞過(guò)程中圍巖的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變和初期支護(hù)的內(nèi)力等的變化規(guī)律，分析發(fā)現(xiàn)施工中右導(dǎo)坑和上臺(tái)階的開(kāi)挖對(duì)圍巖擾動(dòng)最為明顯，豎向位移、水平位移和地表沉降的變化量較大，大變形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增大；特別是靠近洞口時(shí)，上臺(tái)階的開(kāi)挖對(duì)拱頂沉降影響明顯，極有可能發(fā)生洞口失穩(wěn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，，所以施工中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)，提高各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的施工質(zhì)量；左導(dǎo)坑和下臺(tái)階施作時(shí)拱腳部位容易出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)鎖腳錨桿的施工質(zhì)量。 本文的研究成果對(duì)大跨偏壓淺埋隧道施工階段安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理及出洞施工技術(shù)的研究具有參考和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Since the 17th National Congress, with the rapid development of social economy and culture, both road traffic and railway traffic have been unable to meet its basic requirements. Speeding up traffic construction in remote areas, especially in mountainous areas, and stimulating local economic development have become the focus of government work. Because of the high technical requirements, complicated working procedures, many uncertain factors and imperfect management, tunnel engineering is faced with a variety of known or unknown risks, which threaten the construction personnel and machinery at all times. The whole project was seriously paralyzed. Therefore, the risk assessment management of tunnel is of great significance not only to the safety of personnel and machinery, but also to the control of cost, the guarantee of construction time and the quality of construction. In this paper, based on the research background of long span bias voltage and shallow buried road bay tunnel, based on expert investigation, fault tree analysis and numerical analysis, the safety risk management and tunnel construction in tunnel construction stage are analyzed and studied. The research contents and main conclusions are as follows: through studying the recent development of risk assessment at home and abroad, the connotation, process, method and index system of highway tunnel construction safety risk are studied. Establish the safety risk management system of highway tunnel construction. By means of questionnaire and expert consultation, the main risk factors for the construction safety of Luwan Tunnel are identified, and the risk of large deformation, the risk of instability at the entrance of the tunnel and the risk of object striking in the construction of Luwan Tunnel are obtained. Traffic accident risk and 11 safety risks. The evaluation model is established by using fault tree analysis, the probability of each basic risk factor is obtained by using expert consultation method, the probability of each risk event is calculated based on fault tree algorithm and the importance ranking is carried out. It is found that the probability of large deformation risk and hole instability risk caused by bad geology is the greatest in the construction process of Luwan tunnel. The qualitative analysis of each risk event is made and the countermeasures are given. Aiming at the risk of large deformation and instability of tunnel mouth, this paper analyzes and studies the tunnel exit technology of shallow buried road bay tunnel with long span bias pressure by using FLAC3D software. The variation law of stress and strain of surrounding rock and the internal force of initial support are obtained by double sidewall guide pit method in the course of tunnel exit. It is found that the excavation of right guide pit and upper step in construction has the most obvious disturbance to surrounding rock and vertical displacement. The variation of horizontal displacement and surface subsidence is larger, and the risk of large deformation is increased. Especially, when the excavation of the upper steps is near the hole, the influence on the settlement of the arch is obvious, which is very likely to occur the risk of instability of the hole, so the monitoring and measurement should be strengthened in the construction. In order to improve the construction quality of each link, the stress concentration is easy to appear in the arch foot when the left guide pit and the lower steps are being worked on, so the construction quality of the locking foot anchor rod should be strengthened. The research results of this paper have reference and application value for the study of safety risk management and construction technology of long span bias and shallow buried tunnel during construction stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U455.1

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