降級路網(wǎng)應(yīng)急救援車輛路徑選擇方法研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-04 16:26
【摘要】：社會經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展、城市規(guī)模的不斷擴大及各種不確定性因素(如降雨降雪天氣、交通事故、霧霾天氣以及大規(guī)模停電等)的影響可能導(dǎo)致發(fā)生嚴重危害人們生命財產(chǎn)安全的事件。管理人員已充分認識到了快速可靠的應(yīng)急救援的重要性,而應(yīng)急救援的路徑選擇問題是其關(guān)鍵。事實上,時變的交通流量、偶發(fā)的交通事故、突發(fā)的交通擁擠,交通管制等會造成路網(wǎng)全局或局部通行能力的衰減,引起路網(wǎng)容量不同程度的降級,導(dǎo)致車輛在路段上旅行時間存在隨機性,從救援中心到事故地之間只存在隨機最短路徑。由于應(yīng)急救援車輛路徑問題具有緊急性、不確定性等特點,決定了求解常態(tài)下車輛路徑問題的方法不適合應(yīng)急救援問題,因此,研究降級路網(wǎng)的應(yīng)急救援路徑問題,可以彌補路網(wǎng)發(fā)生降級時應(yīng)急救援路徑選擇理論研究的不足,而且對應(yīng)急救援管理者的決策具有一定借鑒意義。本文主要研究路網(wǎng)降級時應(yīng)急救援車輛的路徑選擇問題。首先,通過對國內(nèi)外降級路網(wǎng)、應(yīng)急救援路徑選擇以及行程時間可靠性三個方面的現(xiàn)狀研究進行歸納分析,提出研究思路與整體框架。然后,在定義降級路網(wǎng)后,建立了降級路網(wǎng)行程時間期望值模型和可靠度模型；分析應(yīng)急救援的特點,對照常態(tài)下車輛路徑選擇的影響因素,確定了影響應(yīng)急救援路徑選擇的因素。進而針對城市路網(wǎng)發(fā)生降級、道路通行能力下降時,考慮擁堵點、擁堵時間的隨機變化以及出行者心理決策作用,提出了以擁堵點為起點的柔性擇路策略；以應(yīng)急救援路徑期望行程時間最短、行程時間可靠性最大為目標構(gòu)建了應(yīng)急救援路徑選擇的多目標加權(quán)規(guī)劃模型；在基于基本蟻群算法基礎(chǔ)上,提出動態(tài)調(diào)整信息素揮發(fā)因子策略、動態(tài)調(diào)整信息素策略,并改進轉(zhuǎn)移概率公式,基于改進蟻群算法設(shè)計了應(yīng)急救援路徑選擇模型的求解算法。最后,對降級路網(wǎng)應(yīng)急救援路徑選擇問題進行了案例分析,比較以路徑行程時間最小為目標的路徑問題可知加權(quán)模型具有可行性,更符合應(yīng)急救援路徑選擇實情。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, the continuous expansion of urban scale and various uncertain factors (such as rainfall and snow weather, traffic accidents, The effects of haze weather and power outages can lead to serious damage to people's lives and property. Managers have fully recognized the importance of rapid and reliable emergency rescue, and the path selection of emergency rescue is the key. In fact, time-varying traffic flow, accidental traffic accidents, sudden traffic congestion, traffic control and so on will cause the overall or local capacity of the road network to decline, resulting in varying degrees of degradation of network capacity. As a result, there is randomness in the travel time of the vehicle on the road, and there is only a random shortest path between the rescue center and the accident site. Because the emergency vehicle routing problem has the characteristics of urgency and uncertainty, it is decided that the method to solve the vehicle routing problem under normal condition is not suitable for the emergency rescue problem. Therefore, the emergency rescue path problem of downgrade road network is studied. It can make up for the deficiency of the theory of emergency rescue path selection in the downgrade of road network, and it can be used for reference for emergency rescue managers to make decisions. This paper mainly studies the route selection of emergency rescue vehicle when the road network is downgraded. Firstly, the current situation of downgrade road network at home and abroad, emergency rescue path selection and travel time reliability are summarized and analyzed, and the research ideas and overall framework are put forward. Then, after defining the downgrade road network, the expected value model of travel time and reliability model of downgrade road network are established, and the characteristics of emergency rescue are analyzed, and the influencing factors of vehicle route selection under normal condition are compared. The factors that affect the choice of emergency rescue path are determined. According to the demotion of urban road network and the decline of road capacity, considering the random change of congestion point, congestion time and the role of travelers' psychological decision, a flexible road selection strategy with congestion point as the starting point is put forward. Aiming at the shortest expected travel time and maximum travel time reliability of the emergency rescue path, a multi-objective weighted programming model for emergency rescue path selection is constructed, which is based on the basic ant colony algorithm. Dynamic adjustment of pheromone volatilization factor strategy, dynamic adjustment of pheromone strategy, and improvement of transfer probability formula are proposed. Based on improved ant colony algorithm, an algorithm for solving emergency rescue path selection model is designed. Finally, a case study on the route selection of emergency rescue in downgrade road network is carried out. Compared with the path problem with the minimum path travel time as the goal, the weighted model is feasible, which is more in line with the reality of emergency rescue path selection.
【學位授予單位】：長沙理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491
本文編號：2164444
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, the continuous expansion of urban scale and various uncertain factors (such as rainfall and snow weather, traffic accidents, The effects of haze weather and power outages can lead to serious damage to people's lives and property. Managers have fully recognized the importance of rapid and reliable emergency rescue, and the path selection of emergency rescue is the key. In fact, time-varying traffic flow, accidental traffic accidents, sudden traffic congestion, traffic control and so on will cause the overall or local capacity of the road network to decline, resulting in varying degrees of degradation of network capacity. As a result, there is randomness in the travel time of the vehicle on the road, and there is only a random shortest path between the rescue center and the accident site. Because the emergency vehicle routing problem has the characteristics of urgency and uncertainty, it is decided that the method to solve the vehicle routing problem under normal condition is not suitable for the emergency rescue problem. Therefore, the emergency rescue path problem of downgrade road network is studied. It can make up for the deficiency of the theory of emergency rescue path selection in the downgrade of road network, and it can be used for reference for emergency rescue managers to make decisions. This paper mainly studies the route selection of emergency rescue vehicle when the road network is downgraded. Firstly, the current situation of downgrade road network at home and abroad, emergency rescue path selection and travel time reliability are summarized and analyzed, and the research ideas and overall framework are put forward. Then, after defining the downgrade road network, the expected value model of travel time and reliability model of downgrade road network are established, and the characteristics of emergency rescue are analyzed, and the influencing factors of vehicle route selection under normal condition are compared. The factors that affect the choice of emergency rescue path are determined. According to the demotion of urban road network and the decline of road capacity, considering the random change of congestion point, congestion time and the role of travelers' psychological decision, a flexible road selection strategy with congestion point as the starting point is put forward. Aiming at the shortest expected travel time and maximum travel time reliability of the emergency rescue path, a multi-objective weighted programming model for emergency rescue path selection is constructed, which is based on the basic ant colony algorithm. Dynamic adjustment of pheromone volatilization factor strategy, dynamic adjustment of pheromone strategy, and improvement of transfer probability formula are proposed. Based on improved ant colony algorithm, an algorithm for solving emergency rescue path selection model is designed. Finally, a case study on the route selection of emergency rescue in downgrade road network is carried out. Compared with the path problem with the minimum path travel time as the goal, the weighted model is feasible, which is more in line with the reality of emergency rescue path selection.
【學位授予單位】：長沙理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 劉楊;云美萍;彭國雄;;應(yīng)急車輛出行前救援路徑選擇的多目標規(guī)劃模型[J];公路交通科技;2009年08期
，本文編號：2164444
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