【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)交通建設(shè)的迅猛發(fā)展，新橋梁建設(shè)與舊橋梁運(yùn)營(yíng)管理都面臨著更艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)，橋梁健康監(jiān)測(cè)管理系統(tǒng)作為保障橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)運(yùn)營(yíng)安全的重要手段被廣泛的運(yùn)用。但是，橋梁檢測(cè)如何在新興技術(shù)的發(fā)展和推動(dòng)下，更準(zhǔn)確的識(shí)別橋梁損傷，，并以科學(xué)、直觀的方式分析和預(yù)警，實(shí)現(xiàn)橋梁運(yùn)營(yíng)管理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、自動(dòng)化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化和可視化已成為國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界的熱點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。 本文深入研究了國(guó)內(nèi)外橋梁健康監(jiān)測(cè)與三維可視化技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，提出以WebGL、HTML5等前沿技術(shù)結(jié)合實(shí)際橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)與運(yùn)營(yíng)管理需求，重點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā)了基于Web的橋梁健康監(jiān)測(cè)可視化系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)在Web上的高效、直觀的呈現(xiàn)及預(yù)警分析，具有用戶體驗(yàn)好、開發(fā)成本低、平臺(tái)通用性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文的主要研究工作與創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)概述如下： 第一，詳細(xì)闡述了橋梁檢測(cè)管理系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，深入探索WebGL技術(shù)的三維GPU繪制原理、跨平臺(tái)開放性及其技術(shù)框架生態(tài)，并評(píng)測(cè)出最適宜于Web橋梁3D可視化實(shí)現(xiàn)的開發(fā)框架。 第二，結(jié)合相關(guān)技術(shù)框架，針對(duì)于實(shí)際橋梁檢測(cè)管理的實(shí)際需求與目標(biāo)，設(shè)計(jì)出橋梁健康監(jiān)測(cè)視景仿真系統(tǒng)構(gòu)架、模塊功能、用戶接口的最優(yōu)方案。 第三，研究了基于WebGL的橋梁健康監(jiān)測(cè)可視化系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵開發(fā)技術(shù)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。首先，結(jié)合橋梁實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境特點(diǎn)，利用3D MAX設(shè)計(jì)具有真實(shí)感的橋梁場(chǎng)景，并對(duì)場(chǎng)景模型優(yōu)化，以便更利于Web環(huán)境的橋梁場(chǎng)景渲染和實(shí)現(xiàn)。然后，利用WebGL Three.js框架將橋梁場(chǎng)景在Web環(huán)境中重構(gòu)渲染，著色優(yōu)化。并根據(jù)Three.js框架動(dòng)畫及交互原理，實(shí)現(xiàn)了橋梁視景的漫游，及橋梁模型交互控制，為進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警，病害查詢打下基礎(chǔ)。最后，提出了利用LOD技術(shù)對(duì)大型橋梁場(chǎng)景的高效優(yōu)化方案，進(jìn)一步提升了系統(tǒng)的效率和可用性。 第四，以襄陽江漢三橋?yàn)槔�，概況的介紹了橋梁的結(jié)構(gòu)狀況，并結(jié)合本文的設(shè)計(jì)方案與技術(shù)原理將系統(tǒng)成功實(shí)踐驗(yàn)證，總體達(dá)到了直觀標(biāo)記、分析數(shù)據(jù)的效果。 最后，分析和總結(jié)了本文的主要工作及未來工作的方向。在系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化后，將會(huì)有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景，并對(duì)于橋梁檢測(cè)可視化的研究具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the traffic construction in our country, the new bridge construction and the old bridge operation management are faced with more arduous challenges. The bridge health monitoring management system is widely used as an important means to ensure the bridge structure operation safety. However, with the development and promotion of new technology, bridge detection can identify bridge damage more accurately, analyze and warn in a scientific and intuitive way, and realize the standardization and automation of bridge operation management. Networking and visualization have become hot and difficult in academic circles at home and abroad. In this paper, the development trend of bridge health monitoring and 3D visualization technology at home and abroad is deeply studied, and the advanced technologies such as WebGL / HTML5 are proposed to combine with the actual bridge structure characteristics and operational management requirements. The visual system of bridge health monitoring based on Web is designed and developed, which realizes the high efficiency, visual presentation and early warning analysis of monitoring data on Web. It has the advantages of good user experience, low development cost and strong universality of platform. The main research work and innovation of this paper are summarized as follows: first, the development trend of bridge inspection and management system is described in detail, and the principle of 3D GPU drawing of WebGL technology, the openness of cross-platform and the ecology of its technical framework are deeply explored. The development framework for 3D visualization of Web bridge is also evaluated. Secondly, according to the actual needs and objectives of bridge detection and management, the optimal scheme of bridge health monitoring visual simulation system architecture, module function and user interface is designed according to the related technical framework. Thirdly, the key development technology and implementation of bridge health monitoring visualization system based on WebGL are studied. Firstly, according to the actual structure and environmental characteristics of the bridge, a realistic bridge scene is designed by using 3D MAX, and the scene model is optimized to facilitate the bridge scene rendering and implementation in the Web environment. Then, the bridge scene is reconstructed and rendered in Web environment using WebGL Three.js framework, and the coloring is optimized. According to the animation and interaction principle of Three.js frame, the roaming of bridge scene and the interactive control of bridge model are realized, which lays the foundation for further realization of monitoring and warning and disease query. Finally, an efficient optimization scheme for large bridge scenarios using LOD technology is proposed, which further improves the efficiency and availability of the system. Fourthly, taking Xiangyang Jianghan No.3 Bridge as an example, the paper introduces the structure of the bridge, and verifies the system successfully by combining the design scheme and the technical principle of this paper, and generally achieves the visual mark and analyzes the effect of data. Finally, the main work and future work of this paper are analyzed and summarized. After the further optimization of the system, it will have a broad application prospect, and it has a certain reference value for the research of bridge detection visualization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U446;TP391.9

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