發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-09 18:16

  本文選題：圖像處理 + 隧道變形　； 參考：《廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隧道具有縮短交通距離、對環(huán)境影響較小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此廣泛應(yīng)用于城市地鐵、穿山越嶺或越江鐵路、公路及水利等工程。然而,由于隧道處于復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)條件環(huán)境,隧道施工安全災(zāi)害事故時(shí)有發(fā)生,造成重大的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失�，F(xiàn)有的監(jiān)測方法受現(xiàn)場條件限制,往往不能很好反映隧道變形情況或不便于推廣應(yīng)用。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,數(shù)字圖像的分辨識別技術(shù)不斷提高且用途越來越廣泛。本文對利用數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)監(jiān)測隧道變形的理論和方法進(jìn)行了探討,主要工作內(nèi)容如下： (1)對目前隧道變形監(jiān)測方法的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展和研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)闡述,指出了當(dāng)前監(jiān)測方法的局限性；同時(shí),對數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)應(yīng)用于隧道變形監(jiān)測的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展與研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析,得出該方法存在的問題,提出了本文研究的數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)監(jiān)測隧道變形主要內(nèi)容。 (2)通過對數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)等理論進(jìn)行了簡要的論述,討論了擬合法與重心法這兩種目標(biāo)標(biāo)志點(diǎn)圖像亞像素定位方法,并編寫了目標(biāo)標(biāo)志點(diǎn)圖像亞像素定位程序,且通過實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證了像素坐標(biāo)提取的可靠性與準(zhǔn)確性；闡述了數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)監(jiān)測隧道變形方法的原理、鏡頭畸變的影響及標(biāo)定像元的方法。 (3)利用相機(jī)進(jìn)行了一系列的探索研究,比較重心亞像素定位法與擬合亞像素定位法這兩種目標(biāo)圖像標(biāo)志點(diǎn)定位法,得出重心定位法的精度較高；得出目前鏡頭畸變對目標(biāo)分辨率的影響是不明顯的；標(biāo)定長度的大小對目標(biāo)分辨率的影響較小,可以忽略；同時(shí)攝影距離一定時(shí),目標(biāo)分辨率與焦距成反比關(guān)系。 (4)通過模擬隧道內(nèi)的環(huán)境并進(jìn)行監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了在一定條件下利用數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)監(jiān)測隧道變形的方法量測水平位移和垂直位移的精度均小于±0.5mm,符合《城市軌道交通工程測量規(guī)范》(GB50308-2008)水平位移±3mm、垂直位移±0.5mm的精度要求。 通過深入的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,可知利用數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)監(jiān)測隧道變形是可行的,且精度較高。 該方法還存在不足之處： 在實(shí)際隧道復(fù)雜的環(huán)境中,應(yīng)保證成像設(shè)備安裝的穩(wěn)定性,且保持成像平面與隧道斷面平行。
[Abstract]:The tunnel has the advantages of shortening traffic distance and less environmental impact, so it is widely used in urban subway, mountain crossing or river crossing railway, highway and water conservancy projects. However, because the tunnel is in the complex geological environment, the tunnel construction safety disaster accident often occurs, resulting in heavy casualties and economic losses. The existing monitoring methods are limited by the field conditions and often can not reflect the tunnel deformation or can not be popularized. With the development of science and technology, the technology of digital image resolution and recognition has been improved and used more and more widely. In this paper, the theory and method of monitoring tunnel deformation using digital image processing technology are discussed. The main contents are as follows: (1) the development and research status of tunnel deformation monitoring methods at home and abroad are described in detail. The limitations of current monitoring methods are pointed out, and the development and research status of digital image processing technology in tunnel deformation monitoring at home and abroad are analyzed in detail, and the problems in this method are obtained. In this paper, the main contents of digital image processing technology for monitoring tunnel deformation are put forward. (2) the theory of digital image processing technology is briefly discussed. Two sub-pixel localization methods of target marker image are discussed, which are fitting method and barycenter method. The program of sub-pixel location of target marker image is written, and the reliability and accuracy of pixel coordinate extraction are verified by experimental data. The principle of digital image processing technology for monitoring tunnel deformation, the influence of lens distortion and the method of calibrating pixel are described. (3) A series of exploration and research are carried out using camera. Comparing the two methods of barycenter sub-pixel location and fitting sub-pixel localization, the accuracy of the barycenter positioning method is higher, and the influence of lens distortion on the target resolution is not obvious. The effect of the calibration length on the target resolution is small and can be ignored. At the same time, the target resolution is inversely proportional to the focal length when the camera distance is fixed. (4) the environment in the tunnel is simulated and the monitoring experiment is carried out. It is verified that the accuracy of measuring horizontal displacement and vertical displacement is less than 鹵0.5 mm under certain conditions by using digital image processing technology to monitor tunnel deformation, which conforms to the horizontal displacement 鹵3 mm and vertical position of Urban Rail Transit Engineering Survey Code (GB50308-2008). The accuracy requirement of shift 鹵0.5mm. Through deep theoretical and experimental research, we can see that it is feasible to use digital image processing technology to monitor tunnel deformation, and the accuracy is high. In the complex environment of the actual tunnel, the stability of the installation of the imaging equipment should be guaranteed, and the imaging plane should be kept parallel to the tunnel section.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U456.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 秦念穩(wěn);;視覺變形監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)在隧道機(jī)械中的應(yīng)用[J];鐵道建筑技術(shù);2016年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 宋劍;基于圖像特征的煤與矸石識別算法研究[D];河北工程大學(xué);2016年

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本文編號：2110257