發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-25 23:20

  本文選題：施工區(qū) + 交通流特性�。� 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：截至2013年底，全國(guó)公路總里程達(dá)到424萬(wàn)公里，其中普通國(guó)道17.3萬(wàn)公里，國(guó)家高速公路10.5萬(wàn)公里。隨著國(guó)家高速公路里程增加和早期修建的高速公路相繼進(jìn)行日常養(yǎng)護(hù)、大中修或改擴(kuò)建，高速公路施工區(qū)已成為高速公路系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。由于高速公路施工區(qū)通常并不中斷日常交通，使得施工區(qū)對(duì)日常車(chē)流形成干擾，，引起的交通問(wèn)題也愈加突出，主要表現(xiàn)在道路通行能力折減和交通事故率上升兩個(gè)方面，因此施工區(qū)也被視為高速公路的瓶頸段之一。 高速公路施工區(qū)特殊的道路交通環(huán)境造成其交通流特征比正�；韭范胃鼮閺�(fù)雜，車(chē)輛減速、車(chē)流強(qiáng)制性合流、車(chē)流重分布以及施工人員和設(shè)備與車(chē)流之間的相互干擾等對(duì)施工區(qū)交通特性均有明顯的影響，是誘發(fā)高速公路交通事故的主要原因之一。因此，開(kāi)展高速公路施工區(qū)交通運(yùn)行規(guī)律研究、道路通行能力計(jì)算和安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析為交通管理和安全保障措施提供基礎(chǔ)理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持，具有一定的實(shí)踐意義。本文以陜西省交通廳科技項(xiàng)目黃土地區(qū)高速公路改擴(kuò)建關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究子項(xiàng)目四為依托，主體內(nèi)容分為施工區(qū)交通特性研究和施工區(qū)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析兩大部分。 在施工區(qū)交通特性研究方面，本文重點(diǎn)分析了車(chē)頭時(shí)距和車(chē)速兩項(xiàng)交通流參數(shù)，對(duì)施工區(qū)交通流運(yùn)行規(guī)律和分布模型進(jìn)行了深入研究。施工區(qū)車(chē)頭時(shí)距分布規(guī)律方面，根據(jù)車(chē)流在施工區(qū)的集散特征，對(duì)車(chē)頭時(shí)距進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，分析施工區(qū)車(chē)頭時(shí)距的變化規(guī)律及其影響因素�；诖吮疚倪M(jìn)一步提出移位韋布爾修正分布模型并對(duì)新增移位系數(shù)取值進(jìn)行分析。論文根據(jù)車(chē)頭時(shí)距的分布規(guī)律確定所研究施工區(qū)的交通運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，計(jì)算施工區(qū)道路通行能力并與國(guó)內(nèi)其他研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比。施工區(qū)運(yùn)行車(chē)速分布規(guī)律方面，論文根據(jù)大量調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)分別分析了施工區(qū)混合車(chē)流和單一車(chē)流車(chē)速分布特性和不同區(qū)段、車(chē)型之間的車(chē)速變化規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明，交通流參數(shù)隨著施工區(qū)各區(qū)段呈現(xiàn)規(guī)律性變化，同時(shí)道路通行能力比正常高速公路基本路段明顯偏低，車(chē)流極易出現(xiàn)跟馳狀態(tài)，在上述情況下，車(chē)速變化頻繁和車(chē)流換道是施工區(qū)車(chē)輛間產(chǎn)生交通沖突的主要原因之一。 施工區(qū)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析方面，論文以施工區(qū)交通特性為研究基礎(chǔ)對(duì)施工區(qū)進(jìn)行安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析，包括宏觀風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析和微觀交通沖突風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。論文基于施工區(qū)車(chē)速分布規(guī)律，宏觀風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析方法和指標(biāo)，從第85%位車(chē)速差V85與相對(duì)事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度，車(chē)速連續(xù)性及差異顯著性和車(chē)速標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差與交通事故率等三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行宏觀風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。研究結(jié)果表明：由于施工區(qū)不同區(qū)段斷面之間車(chē)速變化幅度較大和不同車(chē)型之間速度差異性較大，造成施工區(qū)交通安全的整體水平偏低，尤其是警告區(qū)、上游過(guò)渡區(qū)和作業(yè)區(qū)的道路交通事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度偏高。 微觀沖突風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析方面，本文根據(jù)車(chē)輛在施工區(qū)的運(yùn)行軌跡，對(duì)施工區(qū)沖突點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析并歸類(lèi)為：跟馳追尾沖突、強(qiáng)制性換道沖突和合流擠車(chē)換道沖突。對(duì)于跟馳追尾沖突，論文引入在車(chē)輛減速情況下駕駛?cè)颂匦缘南嚓P(guān)研究結(jié)果，建立了碰撞時(shí)間函數(shù)（TTC）與減速度之間的關(guān)系模型并以此對(duì)施工區(qū)TTC的不同等級(jí)進(jìn)行劃分（安全：12.0s、較為安全：7.0~12.0s、一般沖突：4.0~7.0s和嚴(yán)重沖突：4.0s）。根據(jù)劃分結(jié)果，對(duì)施工區(qū)的上游過(guò)渡區(qū)和作業(yè)區(qū)進(jìn)行了跟馳追尾沖突風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析，結(jié)果表明：上游過(guò)渡區(qū)和緩沖區(qū)的跟馳追尾沖突風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性較高。強(qiáng)制性換道沖突風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面，論文給出了施工區(qū)限速建議值并根據(jù)超速車(chē)輛的比例進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。擠車(chē)換道沖突風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面，根據(jù)沖突產(chǎn)生的臨界條件，結(jié)合微觀交通流特點(diǎn)和車(chē)輛最大減速度分布規(guī)律，對(duì)不同車(chē)速情況下擠車(chē)換道的沖突風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)進(jìn)行劃分（安全、較為安全、一般沖突、嚴(yán)重沖突）。
[Abstract]:By the end of 2013, the national highway has a total mileage of 4 million 240 thousand kilometers, of which the general national road is 173 thousand kilometers and the national highway is 105 thousand kilometers. With the increase of the mileage and the early construction of the highway, the highway has been maintained in succession. The highway construction area has become an important component of the highway system. Part. Because the highway construction area usually does not interrupt the daily traffic, the construction area is disturbing to the daily traffic, and the traffic problems are becoming more and more prominent, mainly manifested in two aspects of the road capacity reduction and the increase of traffic accident rate, so the construction area is also regarded as one of the bottleneck segments of the expressway.
The special road traffic environment in the expressway construction area causes the traffic flow characteristic more complex than the normal basic section, the vehicle deceleration, the traffic flow compulsory confluence, the vehicle flow redistribution, the mutual interference between the construction personnel and the equipment and the traffic flow, and so on, have obvious influence on the traffic characteristics of the construction area, which is the cause of the highway traffic accident. It is one of the main reasons. Therefore, it is of practical significance to carry out the research on the traffic operation law of the expressway construction area, the calculation of road capacity and the safety risk analysis to provide the basic theoretical basis and technical support for the traffic management and safety protection measures. This article is based on the reconstruction and extension of the highway in the loess area of Shaanxi Jiao Tong Hall. The key technology research sub item four relies on, the main content divides into the construction area traffic characteristic research and the construction area security risk analysis two major parts.
In the study of traffic characteristics in the construction area, this paper focuses on the analysis of two traffic flow parameters of the headway and speed of the headway, and deeply studies the running law and distribution model of the traffic flow in the construction area. In the aspect of the distribution of the headway in the construction area, according to the distribution of the traffic flow in the construction area, the statistical analysis of the headway is carried out and the construction is analyzed. Based on this paper, the shift Weber modified distribution model is further proposed and the value of the new shift coefficient is analyzed. According to the distribution rule of the head time distance, the paper determines the traffic operation state of the construction area, and calculates the road capacity in the construction area and other research in China. The results are compared. According to a large number of investigation data, the velocity distribution characteristics of mixed traffic flow and single traffic flow and different sections of the construction area and the speed change law are analyzed in the construction area. The results show that the traffic flow parameters are regularly changed along with the sections of the construction area, and the road is at the same time. The road capacity is obviously lower than the basic section of the normal highway, and the car flow is very easy to follow the following state. Under the above circumstances, the frequent change of vehicle speed and the change of the traffic flow are one of the main reasons for the traffic conflict between the vehicles in the construction area.
In the safety risk analysis of construction area, the paper analyzes the safety risk of construction area based on the traffic characteristics of construction area, including macro risk analysis and micro traffic conflict risk analysis. The paper is based on the speed distribution law of the construction area, the macro risk analysis method and the index, from the 85% bit speed difference V85 and the relative accident risk degree, The research results show that the overall level of traffic safety in the construction area is low, especially the police. The results show that the speed variation between the sections of different sections of the construction area and the speed difference between the different types of vehicles are large, and the traffic safety in the construction area is low, especially the police. The risk level of traffic accidents in upstream transition area and operation area is high.
In the analysis of micro conflict risk, according to the running track of the vehicle in the construction area, this paper analyzes and classifies the conflict points in the construction area as follows: the conflict with the following and following the tail, the forced change of the road and the conflict of the change of the road. The relationship model between the collision time function (TTC) and the speed reduction is divided into different grades of the construction area TTC (Security: 12.0s, safer: 7.0~12.0s, general conflict: 4.0~7.0s and serious conflict: 4.0s). According to the result, the risk analysis of the collision and rear end conflict between the upstream crossing area and the operation area of the construction area is carried out. The results show that the risk of collision and rear end conflict between upstream transition zone and buffer zone is higher. The paper gives the speed limit of construction zone and risk analysis according to the proportion of speeding vehicles. The maximum deceleration distribution rule of a vehicle is used to divide the conflict risk level of the car changing lane under different vehicle speeds (safety, safety, general conflict, serious conflict).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.112

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