本文選題：路面狀態(tài) + 調(diào)制解調(diào)��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（西安光學(xué)精密機(jī)械研究所）》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前我國(guó)高速公路處在高速的發(fā)展階段，但是積水、結(jié)冰、積雪等惡劣的路面氣象狀態(tài)造成了許多的交通事故。目前國(guó)內(nèi)的高速公路表面氣象監(jiān)測(cè)大部分還是處于人工不間斷巡邏階段。不僅實(shí)時(shí)性比較差，，也浪費(fèi)了大量的人力物力。這主要是因?yàn)閲?guó)內(nèi)在道路表面氣象監(jiān)測(cè)方面，還沒(méi)有研發(fā)出一種簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用非接觸式的儀器。同時(shí)國(guó)外進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品又比較的昂貴，難以大規(guī)模的普及應(yīng)用。本文課題依靠交通運(yùn)輸部十一五重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)“基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的公路網(wǎng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)和效率提升技術(shù)研究”中的子項(xiàng)目“公路交通氣象環(huán)境路面狀況監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備研制”，研制一種廉價(jià)、實(shí)用的非接觸式路面氣象傳感設(shè)備。 本文研究了一種非接觸式路面氣象傳感設(shè)備，采用了雙波長(zhǎng)耦合測(cè)量的方法。解決了傳感器研制過(guò)程中幾項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù),可以分辨以下四種路面狀態(tài):干燥、積水、結(jié)冰和積雪。研制出了設(shè)備樣機(jī)以及六套成品，已經(jīng)在重慶G50石柱-忠縣高速公路示范段進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年的野外實(shí)地測(cè)試。為了獲得比較高的探測(cè)準(zhǔn)確度和穩(wěn)定性，本文開(kāi)展了以下工作： 1、路面氣象探測(cè)的原理分析。建立了路面氣象狀況的理論模型，運(yùn)用幾何光學(xué)的方法，解釋了散射光功率的空間分布與不同路面氣象狀態(tài)之間的關(guān)系。并且提出了雙波長(zhǎng)測(cè)量的方法，可以有效的區(qū)分路面的氣象狀態(tài)。 2、激光器的調(diào)制和PID溫度控制。為了保證接收到的光信號(hào)不受陽(yáng)光的影響，對(duì)激光器進(jìn)行了頻率調(diào)制隔離直流分量。同時(shí)對(duì)光電探測(cè)器進(jìn)行了PID溫度控制,在-10-30℃的外界環(huán)境中，可以使探測(cè)器的工作溫度穩(wěn)定在25℃。保證了傳感設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定性。 3、微弱信號(hào)的前置放大和鎖相放大技術(shù)。對(duì)接收到的微弱光信號(hào)進(jìn)行低噪聲前置放大，同時(shí)通過(guò)鎖相解調(diào)手段得到了路面反射光信號(hào)。 通過(guò)以上各種手段，研制出了一種非接觸式的路面氣象傳感設(shè)備，經(jīng)過(guò)野外實(shí)地長(zhǎng)時(shí)間測(cè)試，準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:At present, the highway in our country is in the high speed development stage, but many traffic accidents are caused by the bad weather conditions such as stagnant water, ice, snow and so on. At present, most of the surface meteorological monitoring of freeway is still in the stage of uninterrupted patrol. Not only poor real-time, but also wasted a lot of manpower and material resources. This is mainly due to the lack of a simple and practical non-contact instrument for road surface meteorological monitoring in China. At the same time, foreign imports are more expensive, difficult to be widely used on a large scale. In this paper, we rely on the sub-project of "Research on the condition Monitoring and efficiency improvement of Highway Network based on Internet of things", which is one of the important projects of the 11th Five-Year Plan of the Ministry of Communications and Transport, "the development of highway traffic meteorological environment pavement condition monitoring equipment", and the development of a cheap one. Practical non-contact weather sensing equipment for pavement. In this paper, a non-contact weather sensor for pavement is studied, and the dual-wavelength coupling measurement method is used. Several key technologies in sensor development are solved to distinguish the following four road states: dry, stagnant, frozen and snow-covered. A prototype of the equipment and six sets of finished products have been developed and tested in the demonstration section of Chongqing G50 Shizhu-Zhongxian Expressway for up to one year. In order to obtain high detection accuracy and stability, the following work has been carried out: 1. The theoretical model of pavement meteorological conditions is established and the relationship between the spatial distribution of scattered light power and different pavement meteorological states is explained by means of geometric optics. A dual wavelength measurement method is proposed, which can effectively distinguish the meteorological state of road surface. 2. The modulation of laser and pid temperature control. In order to ensure that the received optical signal is not affected by sunlight, the frequency modulation of the laser is used to isolate the DC component. At the same time, the temperature of the photodetector is controlled by pid. The operating temperature of the detector can be stabilized at 25 鈩

本文編號(hào)：2046087