本文選題：壓實冰雪 + 冰雪特性��； 參考：《佳木斯大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：未及時清除的降雪經(jīng)過行人和車輛的反復碾壓及反復融凍,形成具有一定厚度和硬度、內(nèi)部含有雜質(zhì)且與路面粘結(jié)牢固的壓實冰雪。壓實冰雪覆蓋的路面,表面光滑,摩擦系數(shù)極低,給行人和車輛的安全通行造成不便,嚴重影響人們的日常生產(chǎn)和及生活。本文對道路壓實冰雪的形成過程進行了分析,通過壓實冰雪壓縮特性測試,分析了壓實冰雪在外力作用下發(fā)生斷裂破壞過程中的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變變化狀態(tài),為旋切式壓實冰雪清除機理的研究提供了參考依據(jù)�；谀獱枎靷愃枷�,建立了旋切式壓實冰雪破壞準則。建立了壓實冰雪切削試驗臺,完成了壓實冰雪切削破壞試驗,利用Design-Exper8.0軟件對試驗結(jié)果進行了分析,分析結(jié)果表明,除雪刀具的最佳參數(shù)為切削深度18mm、刀具安裝角35°、后角13°~15°,同時驗證了旋切式壓實冰雪破壞準則的合理性。針對板狀壓實冰雪設(shè)計了旋切式鋼刷、凹盤和輪齒除雪部件以及針對冰膜狀壓實冰雪設(shè)計了旋切式楔形除雪部件,并利用Pro/E軟件分別對其進行三維建模。根據(jù)旋切式除雪要求,對除雪部件的運動狀態(tài)及入雪條件進行分析,分析結(jié)果表明,除雪部件在正常除雪過程中的運動軌跡為余擺線。利用ADAMS軟件對碎冰機構(gòu)進行運動仿真,仿真結(jié)果與理論分析相吻合。分別對四種除雪部件進行壓實冰雪清除試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明,旋切式鋼刷、凹盤和輪齒除雪部件對于密度小于500kg/m3,厚度為30~50mm的板狀壓實冰雪切削、破碎、壓潰效果較好。旋切式楔形除雪部件針對密度大于500kg/m3的冰膜狀壓實冰雪的切削、破碎、刮除效果較好。在除雪作業(yè)過程中,除雪樣機運轉(zhuǎn)良好,四種除雪部件除凈率均高于90%,仿形效果好,除雪效率較高。針對旋切式楔形除雪部件,設(shè)計了旋切式仿形越障機構(gòu),并對其進行越障性能測試,試驗結(jié)果表明,該越障機構(gòu)可在不中斷除雪機行駛或繞行的情況下使除雪部件順利越過障礙,且對除雪部件和道路設(shè)施損壞較小。四種除雪部件的壓實冰雪清除試驗及仿形越障機構(gòu)的越障性能測試為旋切式壓實冰雪清除技術(shù)研究及除雪機械的研發(fā)提供了參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The snow which has not been cleared in time has been crushed and thawed repeatedly by pedestrians and vehicles to form compacted ice and snow with certain thickness and hardness impurity inside and firm bond with road surface. The surface of road covered by ice and snow is smooth and the coefficient of friction is very low, which causes inconvenience to the safe passage of pedestrians and vehicles, and seriously affects the daily production and life of people. In this paper, the forming process of road compaction ice and snow is analyzed. By testing the compression characteristics of compacted ice and snow, the stress-strain variation state of compacted ice and snow during fracture failure under external force is analyzed. It provides a reference for the study of the mechanism of rotary compaction ice and snow removal. Based on Mohr-Coulomb 's thought, the damage criterion of rotary compaction ice and snow is established. The test bench of compacted ice and snow cutting was established, and the damage test of compacted ice and snow cutting was completed. The test results were analyzed by using Design-Exper8.0 software, and the results showed that, The optimum parameters of snow removal tool are cutting depth 18 mm, tool mounting angle 35 擄and rear angle 13 擄~ 15 擄. The rationality of the destruction criterion of rotary compaction ice and snow is verified. The rotary steel brush, concave disk and wheel tooth snow removal parts are designed for sheet compacted ice and snow, and the rotary wedge snow removal parts are designed for ice film compacted ice and snow. According to the requirements of rotary snow removal, the motion state and snow entry condition of snow removing parts are analyzed. The results show that the track of snow removing parts is a cosycloid in the normal snow removal process. The motion simulation of ice broken mechanism is carried out by Adams software, and the simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis. Four kinds of snow removal parts were carried out compaction snow and ice removal test. The experimental results show that the rotary steel brush, concave disk and gear tooth snow removal parts have a good effect on sheet compaction ice and snow cutting with density less than 500kg / m ~ (3) and thickness of 30~50mm. The rotary wedge-shaped snow removal parts are good for cutting ice film compacted ice and snow with density greater than 500kg/m3. During the snow removal operation, the snow removing prototype works well, the net removal rate of the four snow removal parts is all higher than 90 parts, the copying effect is good, and the snow removal efficiency is high. Aiming at the rotary wedge snow removing parts, a rotary copying obstacle surmounting mechanism is designed, and its obstacle surmounting performance is tested. The experimental results show that, The mechanism can make the snow removal parts cross the obstacle without interrupting or detouring the snow remover, and the damage to the snow removal parts and road facilities is relatively small. The test of clearing ice and snow by compaction of four kinds of snow removing parts and the test of obstacle surmounting performance of copying mechanism provide a reference basis for the research of rotary compaction snow and ice removal technology and the research and development of snow removing machine.
【學位授予單位】：佳木斯大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U418.326

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