本文選題：高速公路 + 不同天氣情況��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近些年來，特殊不良天氣發(fā)生次數(shù)越來越多，加上機動車保有量持續(xù)增長，交通擁擠和交通事故等現(xiàn)象頻繁發(fā)生，嚴重影響了城市社會經(jīng)濟生活和高速公路交通運行。為了緩解這些交通問題，交通流的運行特性、分布特性以及相互關(guān)系成為重要研究對象。但是，目前對交通流特性研究還不太全面深入，已有的交通流參數(shù)模型大部分是基于經(jīng)典交通流三參數(shù)進行研究，而沒有仔細探討其他交通流參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。不良天氣條件下的交通管理措施一般是根據(jù)以往經(jīng)驗，人工制定和調(diào)整，缺乏科學的理論指導以及交通流理論的支撐，使得交通系統(tǒng)在特殊天氣下極易造成癱瘓。因此，要降低不良天氣對高速公路交通系統(tǒng)運行的影響，制定合理的交通管理措施與控制策略，必須要掌握各種不利天氣條件下的交通流參數(shù)變化規(guī)律。 本文首先探討了交通流研究中的實測現(xiàn)象，比較了環(huán)形線圈檢測技術(shù)、視頻檢測技術(shù)、無線定位技術(shù)等幾種交通流實測方法，確定使用視頻檢測技術(shù)來獲取研究所需要的交通流數(shù)據(jù)。其次對視頻數(shù)據(jù)的采集方案（例如采集工具、采集時間、采集地點等）進行了詳細的說明。闡述了視頻數(shù)據(jù)檢測的應用原理，并通過視頻檢測程序和技術(shù)后處理得到了交通流的各種參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)。另外重點分析了交通流研究方法和高速公路基本路段的交通流運行特征。 然后以正常、降雨及降雪天氣條件下高速公路基本路段交通流作為研究對象，根據(jù)不利天氣條件影響下的交通流特征參數(shù)選取原則，選取了速度、速度差、加速度、車頭時距、側(cè)向偏移等特征參數(shù)。通過對不同天氣條件下的交通流參數(shù)的概率分布特性、顯著差異性進行分析，獲得降雨和降雪條件對高速公路微觀交通流參數(shù)的衰減程度。結(jié)合以上分析，運用面域分布模型、曲線擬合和回歸分析等數(shù)學方法，建立了各種不同天氣條件下的交通流參數(shù)相互關(guān)系模型，最后通過實際觀測數(shù)據(jù)解釋了模型的有效性與合理性，豐富了高速公路微觀交通流規(guī)律，能夠為高速公路交通管理與控制提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)與實踐價值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequency of special bad weather is more and more, along with the continuous increase of vehicle ownership, traffic congestion and traffic accidents, which seriously affect the urban social and economic life and highway traffic operation. In order to alleviate these traffic problems, traffic flow characteristics, distribution characteristics and interrelationships have become an important research object. However, at present, the research on traffic flow characteristics is not very thorough. Most of the existing traffic flow parameter models are based on the classical three parameters of traffic flow, and the relationship between other traffic flow parameters is not discussed carefully. Traffic management measures under bad weather conditions are usually based on past experience, manual formulation and adjustment, lack of scientific theoretical guidance and the support of traffic flow theory, which makes traffic system easily paralyzed in special weather. Therefore, in order to reduce the impact of bad weather on the operation of expressway traffic system, we should formulate reasonable traffic management measures and control strategies. It is necessary to master the variation law of traffic flow parameters under various adverse weather conditions. Firstly, this paper discusses the measured phenomena in traffic flow research, and compares the ring coil detection technology and video detection technology. Several traffic flow measurement methods, such as wireless location technology, are used to obtain the traffic flow data needed by the research. Secondly, the video data acquisition scheme (such as acquisition tools, acquisition time, collection location and so on) is described in detail. This paper describes the application principle of video data detection, and obtains all kinds of traffic flow parameter data by video detection program and post-processing technology. In addition, the research methods of traffic flow and the characteristics of the traffic flow in the basic section of the expressway are analyzed. Then, the traffic flow of the basic section of the highway under normal, rainfall and snowfall weather conditions is taken as the research object. According to the principle of selecting characteristic parameters of traffic flow under adverse weather conditions, the characteristic parameters such as velocity, velocity difference, acceleration, headway time distance, lateral deviation and so on are selected. By analyzing the probability distribution characteristics of traffic flow parameters under different weather conditions, the significant differences are analyzed, and the attenuation degree of traffic flow parameters of freeway under rainfall and snow conditions is obtained. Combined with the above analysis, using the area distribution model, curve fitting and regression analysis, the relationship model of traffic flow parameters under different weather conditions is established. Finally, the validity and rationality of the model are explained through actual observation data, which enriches the microscopic traffic flow law of expressway, and can provide a certain theoretical basis and practical value for expressway traffic management and control.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.112

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