本文選題：光面爆破 + 淺埋��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：光面爆破是一種在巖體開(kāi)挖輪廓線上布置一排間距小的平行炮孔,然后同時(shí)起爆這些裝藥少、采用不耦合裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)的炮孔,相鄰兩炮孔連線上的巖石被貫穿,形成平整光滑斷裂面的控制爆破技術(shù)。 黃連山隧道為淺埋、超大斷面的高鐵雙線隧道,圍巖地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜,穩(wěn)定性差,工程質(zhì)量要求高。若采用普通爆破的方法,極易出現(xiàn)圍巖脫落、冒頂或松石甚至坍塌現(xiàn)象,給掘進(jìn)帶來(lái)非常大的困難和安全隱患。本論文從爆破效果和施工安全的角度,采用理論分析、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬的方法對(duì)該隧道的光面爆破進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究。 首先,親臨黃連山隧道現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研地質(zhì)條件、爆破環(huán)境和工程要求等施工條件。 其次,把周邊孔間距、光爆層厚度和線裝藥密度作為影響光面爆破效果的主要因素,根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式確定這3個(gè)因素的合理范圍,對(duì)每個(gè)因素選取3個(gè)水平,運(yùn)用正交試驗(yàn)法擇優(yōu)組合9組試驗(yàn)方案；對(duì)每一組方案進(jìn)行3次現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn),統(tǒng)計(jì)并綜合評(píng)價(jià)其爆破效果,把半孔率、超欠挖量和殘孔深度作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),運(yùn)用多目標(biāo)灰色局勢(shì)決策理論從9組試驗(yàn)方案中決策出合理的光面爆破方案(周邊孔間距50cm,光爆層厚度60cm,線裝藥密度0.27kg/m)； 最后,運(yùn)用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元軟件對(duì)該方案進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬。從光爆層選擇單排相鄰兩周邊孔臺(tái)階建立模型并進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算,分析等效應(yīng)力的傳播過(guò)程,并對(duì)相鄰兩周邊孔中垂線上的特定單元等效應(yīng)力大小進(jìn)行了分析。 該方案被投入工程應(yīng)用后,取得了令人滿意的爆破效果。根據(jù)質(zhì)檢部門統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù),平均超欠挖量控制在6-10cm,最大超欠挖量控制在15cm之內(nèi),半孔率達(dá)到了75%左右,炮孔利用率達(dá)到95%左右,拱頂下沉和拱墻水平收斂趨于穩(wěn)定,確定該方案可以保證黃連山隧道的工程質(zhì)量,可以為隧道施工人員提供安全的施工環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Smooth blasting is a kind of blasting holes with small spacing arranged on the outline of rock mass excavation, and then detonating these holes with less charge at the same time. The holes with uncoupled charge structure are used, and the rocks on the line of adjacent two holes are cut through. The controlled blasting technique for forming smooth and smooth fracture surface. Huanglianshan Tunnel is a shallow tunnel with large cross section, which has complex geological conditions, poor stability and high engineering quality. If the common blasting method is adopted, it is easy to appear the phenomenon of surrounding rock falling off, roof falling or loose stone falling or even collapsing, which brings great difficulties and hidden dangers to the excavation. In this paper, the smooth blasting of the tunnel is studied systematically by theoretical analysis, field test and numerical simulation from the point of view of blasting effect and construction safety. First of all, the site of Huanglianshan Tunnel investigation geological conditions, blasting environment and engineering requirements and other construction conditions. Secondly, taking the distance between the peripheral holes, the thickness of the blasting layer and the density of the line charge as the main factors affecting the effect of smooth blasting, the reasonable range of the three factors is determined according to the empirical formula, and three levels are selected for each factor. The orthogonal test method was used to select the best combination of 9 groups of test schemes, three field tests were carried out for each group, and the blasting effect was statistically and synthetically evaluated. The half-hole rate, the excess of underdigging and the depth of the residual hole were taken as the evaluation indexes. Based on the multi-objective grey situation decision theory, a reasonable smooth blasting scheme was obtained from 9 test schemes (50 cm spacing of peripheral holes, 60 cm thickness of smooth blasting layer, 0.27 kg / mg of line charge density). Finally, the ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software is used to simulate the scheme. The model of single row adjacent two peripheral hole steps is established and the propagation process of equal-effect force is analyzed. The equivalent stress magnitude of the specific element on the vertical line of adjacent two adjacent peripheral holes is analyzed. The scheme has been applied in engineering and achieved satisfactory blasting effect. According to the statistics of the quality inspection department, the average under-excavated amount is controlled at 6-10 cm, the maximum under-excavated amount is controlled within 15cm, the half-hole rate is about 75%, the utilization ratio of the gunhole is about 95%, the vault sinking and the horizontal convergence of the arch wall tend to be stable. This scheme can guarantee the engineering quality of Huanglianshan Tunnel and provide a safe construction environment for tunnel constructors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U455.6

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