本文選題：重載鐵路 + 制動力��； 參考：《北京交通大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,重載鐵路因其運能大、效率高、運輸成本低而得到飛速發(fā)展,但是我國現(xiàn)有鐵路橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范中設(shè)計荷載偏低,不適應(yīng)重載鐵路大軸重的要求。鐵路橋梁承受的各種載荷中,作用于軌面的制動力與鐵路活載的大小相關(guān),列車軸重增加直接導致制動力的增加,有可能造成實際制動力超出設(shè)計荷載而引起橋梁下部結(jié)構(gòu)損壞。重載鐵路橋梁為連續(xù)布置的簡支梁時,列車制動只有列車輪對所在梁跨的固定墩承擔制動力,不能充分發(fā)揮橋梁的整體縱向承載性能。如安裝速度鎖定器,則一方面可在制動時將各梁跨縱向耦聯(lián),使全橋各墩共同承擔制動力,達到改善橋梁受力狀態(tài)的目的；另一方面又允許橋梁在發(fā)生溫度變形時保持靜定體系,不致產(chǎn)生溫度附加力。 本文主要討論速度鎖定器在鐵路橋梁中的應(yīng)用,從制列車動力的計算、車橋縱向耦合系統(tǒng)分析、速度鎖定器應(yīng)用的探討三個方面入手,在參考國內(nèi)外速度鎖定器應(yīng)用在公路橋成果的基礎(chǔ)上,以朔黃鐵路簡支T型梁橋為工程背景,對考慮設(shè)置速度鎖定器的重載鐵路橋梁縱向動力問題進行研究,主要包括以下幾個方面： (1)對列車軌道橋梁縱向動力相互作用的研究方法進行總結(jié),介紹橋梁系統(tǒng)、車輛系統(tǒng)的建模方法,輪軌關(guān)系的模擬以及全過程迭代法的求解過程,并提出一種切合實際的列車制動力的計算方法。 (2)研究現(xiàn)狀重載鐵路橋梁在列車制動力作用下的響應(yīng)及鋼軌縱向應(yīng)力、鋼軌縱向位移、梁端縱向位移、支座縱向反力、墩頂縱向反力等控制指標,并分析了其隨列車制動形式的變化規(guī)律。 (3)選取合理的單元模擬速度鎖定器,結(jié)合速度鎖定器的工作原理和荷載-速度曲線,建立了車-橋速-度鎖定器耦合動力學模型,并針對工程實例探討速度鎖定器的參數(shù)選取方法,進而確定了其關(guān)鍵參數(shù),分析了其作用效果。 (4)針對背景橋梁,提出并分析了橋上速度鎖定器的布置方案,通過列車制動時關(guān)鍵指標的對比,確定最優(yōu)的布置方案；推導了速度鎖定器在卡死狀態(tài)下溫度應(yīng)力的重分布公式,研究了該不利狀況對橋梁承載性能的影響。
[Abstract]:In recent years, heavy haul railway has been developed rapidly because of its large capacity, high efficiency and low transportation cost. However, the design load of existing railway bridge design code in our country is on the low side, which can not meet the requirements of heavy axle load of heavy haul railway. Among all kinds of loads on railway bridges, the braking force acting on rail surface is related to the size of railway live load, and the increase of axle load of train directly leads to the increase of braking force. It may cause the actual braking force to exceed the design load and cause damage to the understructure of the bridge. When the heavy-haul railway bridge is a simply supported beam with continuous arrangement, the braking force of the train brake is only the fixed pier of the beam span of the train wheelset, which can not give full play to the overall longitudinal bearing capacity of the bridge. If the speed locking device is installed, on the one hand, each beam can be coupled with each other longitudinally when braking, so that all the piers of the whole bridge can bear the braking force together to improve the stress state of the bridge. On the other hand, it allows the bridge to maintain statically indeterminate system in case of temperature deformation, so as not to produce temperature additional force. This paper mainly discusses the application of speed locker in railway bridge, starting with the calculation of train power, the analysis of longitudinal coupling system of vehicle and bridge, and the application of speed locker. Based on the application of speed lockers in highway bridges at home and abroad, the longitudinal dynamic problems of heavy-duty railway bridges with speed lockers are studied based on the engineering background of simply supported T-beam bridges of Shuohuang Railway. It mainly includes the following aspects: 1) summarize the research method of longitudinal dynamic interaction of train track bridge, introduce the bridge system, vehicle system modeling method, wheel-rail relation simulation and the whole process iterative method solution process. A practical calculation method of train braking force is put forward. 2) study the response of heavy haul railway bridge under train braking force and control indexes such as rail longitudinal stress, rail longitudinal displacement, beam end longitudinal displacement, support longitudinal reaction force, pier top longitudinal reaction force, etc. The variation law of train braking mode is analyzed. The coupling dynamic model of vehicle-bridge speed-degree locker is established by selecting reasonable unit simulation speed locker and combining the working principle of speed locker and load-velocity curve. The method of selecting the parameters of the speed locker is discussed in view of the engineering example, and the key parameters are determined, and the effect of the speed locker is analyzed. (4) aiming at the background bridge, this paper puts forward and analyzes the arrangement scheme of the speed locker on the bridge, determines the optimal arrangement scheme by comparing the key indexes of the train braking, and deduces the formula for the redistribution of the temperature stress of the speed locker under the condition of clamping. The influence of this unfavorable condition on the bearing capacity of the bridge is studied.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U448.13;U441

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