本文選題：地鐵區(qū)間隧道 + 射流通風(fēng)�。� 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：地鐵是現(xiàn)代城市交通系統(tǒng)中非常重要的組成部分，對緩解大城市的交通擁堵問題有重要意義。地鐵車站及地鐵列車人流密集度大，一旦發(fā)生阻塞或火災(zāi)事故，會對人員的生命財產(chǎn)造成極大威脅。射流通風(fēng)是解決這一問題的重要方法。因此，對地鐵區(qū)間隧道事故通風(fēng)進(jìn)行深入的研究，具有極大的現(xiàn)實意義和實用價值。 本文以地鐵區(qū)間隧道為研究對象，通過對物理模型的詳細(xì)描述，以區(qū)間隧道實際尺寸為基礎(chǔ)，建立了數(shù)值計算模型。用Fluent軟件對隧道射流通風(fēng)效果、列車阻塞工況最佳通風(fēng)速度、列車中部火災(zāi)排煙及壁龕安裝尺寸對射流風(fēng)機(jī)升壓力的影響進(jìn)行了計算，并以計算結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)對其進(jìn)行了分析。 首先，通過現(xiàn)場實測對數(shù)值計算的準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行驗證。現(xiàn)場實測針對深圳地鐵三號線，實測結(jié)果與模擬結(jié)果的對比顯示二者具有很好的一致性，說明采用數(shù)值方法對地鐵區(qū)間隧道進(jìn)行研究是可行的、結(jié)果是可靠的。 其次，采用本文所建的計算模型對地鐵列車在區(qū)間隧道阻塞工況最佳通風(fēng)速度進(jìn)行了計算。計算原型為重慶市地鐵三號線，根據(jù)車輛外形、隧道尺寸及重慶的氣象條件設(shè)置邊界條件。通過模擬計算可知，當(dāng)機(jī)械通風(fēng)時，隧道內(nèi)空氣溫度隨送風(fēng)速度的增大而降低。針對重慶，采用2.21m/s的機(jī)械通風(fēng)風(fēng)速即可將隧道內(nèi)溫度降低至地鐵設(shè)計規(guī)范規(guī)定的列車頂部最不利點的最高溫度限值以下，保證列車?yán)淠鞯恼９ぷ鳌?同時，，對地鐵列車中部火災(zāi)的排煙進(jìn)行了分析。計算模型仍然為重慶市地鐵三號線。火源設(shè)置在列車中部，強(qiáng)度為10MW，發(fā)生火災(zāi)時列車位于隧道中部，隧道兩端為出口。根據(jù)車輛外形、隧道尺寸及重慶的氣象條件設(shè)置邊界條件。通過模擬計算可知，針對重慶地區(qū)，當(dāng)機(jī)械排煙風(fēng)速為6.5m/s時，CO有毒氣體的濃度和煙氣的溫度均沒有達(dá)到對人體造成直接危害的程度。采用該通風(fēng)流速，不僅有效的控制了煙氣回流、保證了火災(zāi)煙氣上游乘客的安全疏散，還減少了火災(zāi)煙氣下游的乘客受高溫?zé)煔夂虲O有毒氣體直接危害的程度，減少不必要的傷亡。 最后，分析了壁龕安裝尺寸對射流風(fēng)機(jī)升壓效果的影響。對不同的壁龕角度（θ=30°、40°、50°）、壁龕深度（a=1m、1.2m、1.5m）、壁龕段長度（b=7m、9m、11m、13m、15m）等因素進(jìn)行組合，得到45種情況。對所有情況下，有壁龕安裝和無壁龕安裝時射流風(fēng)機(jī)有效升壓力和誘導(dǎo)段長度進(jìn)行對比分析，不僅得出壁龕安裝尺寸對射流風(fēng)機(jī)升壓效果的影響，而且得出兼顧使射流風(fēng)機(jī)獲得最大升壓力和壁龕開挖量取得最小值的設(shè)計方案，盡可能的降低工程造價。
[Abstract]:Subway is a very important part of modern urban traffic system, which is of great significance to alleviate traffic congestion in big cities. The density of passenger flow in subway stations and trains is very high. Once there are congestion or fire accidents, the lives and properties of people will be threatened greatly. Jet ventilation is an important method to solve this problem. Therefore, it is of great practical significance and practical value to study the accident ventilation of subway tunnel. This paper takes the subway tunnel as the research object, through the detailed description of the physical model, based on the actual size of the interval tunnel, a numerical calculation model is established. The effect of jet ventilation on tunnel jet ventilation, the optimal ventilation speed under the condition of train congestion, the effect of fire smoke exhaust in the middle of the train and the installation size of the niche on the pressure rise of the jet fan are calculated by using Fluent software, and the results are analyzed based on the calculation results. Firstly, the accuracy of the numerical calculation is verified by field measurement. The comparison between the measured and simulated results of Shenzhen Metro Line 3 shows that the numerical method is feasible and the results are reliable. Secondly, the optimal ventilation speed of subway train in the interval tunnel congestion condition is calculated by using the calculation model established in this paper. The prototype of the calculation is Chongqing Metro Line 3. The boundary conditions are set according to the vehicle shape, tunnel size and meteorological conditions in Chongqing. The simulation results show that the air temperature in the tunnel decreases with the increase of the velocity of air supply when mechanical ventilation is carried out. For Chongqing, the temperature in the tunnel can be reduced to the maximum temperature limit of the most unfavorable point at the top of the train according to the design code of the subway by using the mechanical ventilation wind speed of 2.21m/s to ensure the normal operation of the train condenser. At the same time, the smoke emission from the fire in the middle of the subway train is analyzed. The calculation model is still Chongqing Metro Line 3. The fire source is set in the middle of the train and the intensity is 10MW. When the fire occurs, the train is located in the middle of the tunnel and the end of the tunnel is the exit. Boundary conditions are set according to vehicle shape, tunnel size and meteorological conditions in Chongqing. The simulation results show that the concentration of CO toxic gas and the temperature of flue gas do not reach the degree of direct harm to human body when the wind speed of mechanical smoke exhaust is 6.5m/s. Adopting this ventilation velocity can not only effectively control the flue gas reflux and ensure the safe evacuation of the passengers in the upstream of the fire smoke, but also reduce the degree of the passengers downstream of the fire smoke being directly harmed by the high temperature smoke and the toxic CO gas. Reduce unnecessary casualties. Finally, the influence of niche size on the pressure-raising effect of jet fan is analyzed. The factors of different niche angles (胃 ~ 30 擄~ 40 擄~ 50 擄~ (50), depth of a niche 1 ~ 1 m ~ (1.2) m ~ (-1) ~ (-1) m ~ (-1), length of a niche segment ~ (7 m) ~ (9) m ~ (11) ~ (13) m ~ (15) m) were combined, and 45 kinds of conditions were obtained. In all cases, the effective pressure of jet fan and the length of induced section are compared and analyzed when there is a niche and no niche is installed, not only the influence of the installation size of the niche on the pressure effect of the jet fan is obtained, but also the effect of the installation of the niche on the pressure increase of the jet fan is obtained. In addition, the design scheme of making the jet fan obtain the maximum lift pressure and the minimum value of the niche excavation is obtained, and the project cost is reduced as much as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U231.96;U453.5

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