本文選題：高速公路 + 寬容性理念�。� 參考：《河北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自20世紀80年代以來，我國高速公路建設(shè)事業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，然而高速公路的交通安全形勢卻越來越嚴峻，高速公路每年發(fā)生的交通事故起數(shù)和傷亡人數(shù)都居高不下，對社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和人民生命健康造成了嚴重的危害。我國道路設(shè)計一般以設(shè)計速度作為控制依據(jù)，基于“以車為本”的設(shè)計思路來完成道路的設(shè)計工作，，而忽略了駕駛員的生理特征和行為習(xí)慣。然而，駕駛員不可避免的會在某些意外狀況下出現(xiàn)判斷和操作失誤，從而引發(fā)交通事故，造成重大人員傷亡及經(jīng)濟損失。我們不應(yīng)該過分要求每一位駕駛員都能對突發(fā)事件做出冷靜、準確、迅速的判斷，顯然這也是不現(xiàn)實的。 寬容性理念是基于“以人為本”的思想，充分考慮駕駛員的生理特征和行為習(xí)慣，從道路設(shè)計本身出發(fā)，通過技術(shù)手段主動引導(dǎo)駕駛行為、糾正駕駛員的偏差，同時在駕駛員出現(xiàn)失誤時提供一定的容錯空間，最大限度保障駕駛員的生命安全。本文基于寬容性的設(shè)計理念，從線形優(yōu)化、主動引導(dǎo)和加強容錯等三個方面研究了高速公路的優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法。 以北京—新疆高速公路膠泥灣至冀晉界K5+000~K19+000段為例，根據(jù)路線特征和VISSIM軟件內(nèi)置模型特點，將全線劃分為20個待研究的路段單元，使用VISSIM軟件對全線運行速度進行了修正采集，得到各路段單元的運行速度，并使用運行速度對路線的線形一致性進行了檢驗，使用技術(shù)手段對不符合要求的路段進行了處置。 基于寬容性的設(shè)計理念介紹了目前我國高速公路存在的主動引導(dǎo)措施不完善的幾種表現(xiàn)，提出了視覺誘導(dǎo)、速度控制和減少駕駛員視覺占用等措施來加強高速公路本身對于駕駛員的主動引導(dǎo)功能，加強行車安全性。 通過對國外較成熟的路側(cè)安全設(shè)計理論的研究，以邊坡寬容性設(shè)計和邊溝寬容性設(shè)計角度，從邊坡的緩坡設(shè)計和緩和處理提出了適合我國國情的路側(cè)設(shè)計思路，并結(jié)合工程實例對寬容性邊溝進行了水文水力計算和驗證。 寬容性理念在高速公路設(shè)計中的應(yīng)用，能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)線形設(shè)計中的不良技術(shù)指標和存在的安全隱患，提供符合駕駛員心理和生理特征的主動引導(dǎo)措施，并在車輛失控時提供一定的容錯空間，對于高速公路的交通安全有著重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, highway construction in China has developed rapidly. However, the traffic safety situation of expressway is becoming more and more serious. The number of traffic accidents and casualties of expressway are high every year. Has caused serious harm to the social economy development and the people's life and health. The road design of our country usually takes the design speed as the control basis, and completes the road design work based on the "car-based" design idea, but neglects the driver's physiological characteristics and behavior habits. However, it is inevitable for drivers to make mistakes in judgment and operation in some accidents, thus causing traffic accidents, causing heavy casualties and economic losses. We should not over-require every driver to make a calm, accurate, quick judgment on an emergency, which is obviously unrealistic. The concept of tolerance is based on the idea of "people-oriented", fully considering the physiological characteristics and behavior habits of drivers, starting from the road design itself, actively guiding driving behavior through technical means, and correcting the deviation of drivers. At the same time, it provides a certain fault tolerance space when the driver makes mistakes, and maximizes the safety of the driver. Based on the concept of tolerance, this paper studies the optimal design method of freeway from three aspects: linear optimization, active guidance and strengthening fault tolerance. Taking the section K5 000~K19 000 of Beijing-Xinjiang Expressway from Ji-Jin boundary as an example, according to the characteristics of the route and the built-in model of VISSIM software, the whole line is divided into 20 sections of road units to be studied. The running speed of the whole line is collected by VISSIM software, and the running speed of each section unit is obtained. The alignment consistency of the route is tested by using the running speed, and the section that does not meet the requirements is disposed with the technical means. Based on the design concept of tolerance, this paper introduces several manifestations of the imperfection of active guiding measures existing in expressway in our country at present, and puts forward the visual guidance. Speed control and reduction of driver's visual occupancy are taken to strengthen the active guiding function of the motorway itself and enhance the driving safety. Based on the research of the more mature road side safety design theory abroad, and from the angle of side slope tolerance design and side ditch tolerance design, this paper puts forward the road side design thought suitable for the national conditions of our country from the slope gentle slope design and the mitigation treatment. The hydrological and hydraulic calculation and verification of the tolerant side gully are carried out in combination with engineering examples. The application of tolerance concept in highway design can find out the bad technical index and the hidden danger of safety in the linear design, and provide the active guiding measures which accord with the psychological and physiological characteristics of the driver. And provide a certain tolerance space when the vehicle is out of control, which has important practical significance for the highway traffic safety.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U412.366

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本文編號：1817032