本文選題：船閘 + 閥門(mén)��； 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近二十年來(lái)，我國(guó)水利建設(shè)及河流水資源綜合開(kāi)發(fā)利用進(jìn)入了快速發(fā)展時(shí)期。興建水利樞紐，帶來(lái)的效益之一是改善了航運(yùn)的條件。而船閘作為水利樞紐通航建筑物的主要型式，以其技術(shù)成熟、工作穩(wěn)定、運(yùn)行維護(hù)方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)應(yīng)用最為廣泛。隨著一大批高壩樞紐的建設(shè)，船閘的工作水頭也在大幅提高，同時(shí)為提高其適用性，高水頭和超高水頭的船閘不斷出現(xiàn)，逐漸成為現(xiàn)代船閘的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。但高水頭船閘的閥門(mén)段廊道空化問(wèn)題一直是制約船閘安全運(yùn)行的巨大隱患，空蝕破壞是船閘輸水廊道中常見(jiàn)的破壞�，F(xiàn)今用于改善空化條件的措施有兩點(diǎn)，一是優(yōu)化閥門(mén)段廊道體型，如船閘閥門(mén)段廊道新型上下突擴(kuò)體型是一種比較成熟的廊道最優(yōu)方案，相比平頂型和頂擴(kuò)型，其不僅滿(mǎn)足了高水頭船閘輸水的要求，而且很大程度減少了空蝕空化問(wèn)題，但該廊道體型仍然存在一定范圍的空化區(qū)；所以須采用到另一種減蝕措施——增設(shè)摻氣系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)摻氣來(lái)解決空蝕空化問(wèn)題。 物理模型試驗(yàn)是研究船閘閥門(mén)段廊道摻氣水流最主要的手段，，而關(guān)于廊道摻氣數(shù)值模擬幾乎無(wú)人涉及。由于閥門(mén)門(mén)楣的摻氣條件復(fù)雜，不易數(shù)值模擬，因此本文重點(diǎn)以數(shù)值模型的研究手段對(duì)閥門(mén)后上下突擴(kuò)體型廊道的摻氣水流的水力特性進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬，以國(guó)內(nèi)某典型高水頭船閘閥門(mén)段廊道為建模對(duì)象，結(jié)合物理模型試驗(yàn)資料和相關(guān)理論知識(shí)，建立設(shè)置了臺(tái)階狀跌坎和升坎的新型突擴(kuò)體幾何模型，選用Fluent軟件中的VOF模型和Mixture多相流模型，分別對(duì)閥門(mén)段廊道摻氣前后進(jìn)行二維數(shù)值模擬。最后得到以下四個(gè)主要結(jié)論： ①新型突擴(kuò)體廊道屬于更進(jìn)一步的優(yōu)化體型，提高了廊道內(nèi)的壓力，相比于船閘其他體型，其廊道底板、升坎等多個(gè)部位的空化潰滅區(qū)得到可觀的改善，通過(guò)本文數(shù)值模擬驗(yàn)證了其良好的減蝕效果； ②新型突擴(kuò)體型廊道在閥門(mén)0.4、0.5、0.6和0.7開(kāi)度時(shí)，在廊道頂部產(chǎn)生一定范圍的負(fù)壓區(qū)域，易產(chǎn)生空化；在閥門(mén)0.3和0.4開(kāi)度時(shí)會(huì)在跌坎部位第一、二級(jí)臺(tái)階處產(chǎn)生少許負(fù)壓，形成空化源； ③閥門(mén)0.4開(kāi)度，廊道頂摻氣速率達(dá)到18m/s時(shí)，原廊道頂負(fù)壓區(qū)域全部轉(zhuǎn)化成正壓; ④摻氣水流基本遵循了摻氣速率越大，則摻氣濃度越高，負(fù)壓改善越好的規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:In the past twenty years, water conservancy construction and comprehensive development and utilization of river water resources in China have entered a period of rapid development.One of the benefits of building a hydro-junction is to improve the conditions for shipping.As the main type of navigation building, ship lock is widely used with the advantages of mature technology, stable work and convenient operation and maintenance.With the construction of a large number of high dam hubs, the working head of ship lock is also greatly increased. In order to improve its applicability, the lock with high water head and high water head appears constantly, and gradually becomes the development trend of modern ship lock.However, cavitation in valve section of high head shiplock is always a great hidden danger to restrict the safe operation of lock. Cavitation damage is a common damage in waterway of shiplock.At present, there are two measures to improve cavitation conditions. One is to optimize the type of valve corridor. For example, the new type of up-and-down expansion of valve corridor is a more mature corridor optimal scheme, compared with flat top type and top expansion type.It not only meets the requirement of transporting water in high head lock, but also reduces cavitation problem to a great extent. However, there is still a certain range of cavitation area in this corridor, so it is necessary to adopt another corrosion abatement measure, that is, adding aeration system.The cavitation problem is solved by aeration.Physical model test is the most important method to study aerated flow in the valve corridor of ship lock, but almost no one is involved in the numerical simulation of corridor aeration.Because the aeration conditions of valve lintel are complex and difficult to be simulated, the hydraulic characteristics of aerated flow in the upward and downward expansion corridor behind the valve are numerically simulated in this paper by means of numerical model.Taking the valve corridor of a typical high head shiplock in China as the modeling object, combining the physical model test data and the relevant theoretical knowledge, a new type of sudden expansion geometric model with step drop and rise ridges is established.The VOF model and Mixture multiphase flow model in Fluent software are used to simulate the valve corridor before and after aeration.Finally, the following four main conclusions are drawn:(1) the new type of sudden expansion corridor belongs to the further optimized shape, which increases the pressure in the corridor. Compared with other types of ship lock, the cavitation collapse area of its gallery bottom plate, elevation bar and other parts has been considerably improved.The good corrosion reduction effect is verified by numerical simulation in this paper.(2) when the valve is open at 0.4U 0.5U 0.6 and 0.7, the new type of sudden expansion corridor will produce a certain range of negative pressure areas at the top of the corridor, which will easily produce cavitation; when the valve opens at 0.3 and 0.4 degrees of opening, it will produce a little negative pressure at the first and second steps of the falling ridge.Forming cavitation source;(3) when the valve opening is 0.4 and the aeration rate of the corridor top reaches 18m/s, the negative pressure area of the original corridor top is transformed into positive pressure;(4) the higher the aeration rate, the higher the aeration concentration and the better the negative pressure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U641.1

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