本文選題：北極　切入點：海冰　出處：《海洋學報(中文版)》2014年10期

【摘要】：利用微波衛(wèi)星遙感數(shù)據(jù)對北極東北航道和西北航道近年來的冰情變化,以及影響航道開通的關鍵區(qū)域和每年的開通狀況進行了分析和總結(jié),并對航道未來的可能冰情狀況進行了展望,期望對航道利用者有所幫助。東北航道全線開通期主要集中在8月下旬至10月上旬,開通總天數(shù)多在40~50d;西北航道南線開通期主要集中在8月上中旬至10月上旬,開通總天數(shù)多在50~60d;西北航道北線開通時間主要集中在9月。東北航道冰情最為復雜的是連接拉普捷夫海和喀拉海的北地群島區(qū)域海冰,也是影響航道開通的關鍵區(qū)。影響西北航道南線開通的關鍵主要是威廉王島附近維多利亞海峽、威爾士王子島東側(cè)的皮爾海峽和北側(cè)巴羅海峽區(qū)域的海冰狀況;影響北線開通的關鍵區(qū)域是班克斯島西北部的麥克盧爾海峽和梅爾維爾子爵海峽;東北航道可通航性優(yōu)于西北航道。雖然氣候變化大背景下北極海冰總量減少,但由于海冰流動性增強,局部海冰變化愈發(fā)復雜,海冰分布年際差異較大,需要加強北極海冰監(jiān)測和預報能力,為未來航道利用提供保障。
[Abstract]:Based on the microwave satellite remote sensing data, this paper analyzes and summarizes the ice regime changes in the Arctic Northeast Channel and the Northwest Passage in recent years, as well as the key areas affecting the opening of the channel and the opening situation of each year.The possible ice condition of the waterway in the future is forecasted, which is expected to be helpful to the waterway users.The whole opening period of the Northeast Channel is mainly concentrated from late August to early October, and the total number of days of opening is mostly 40 ~ 50 days, while the opening period of the South Route of the Northwest Passage is mainly concentrated from the first half of August to the first ten days of October.The total number of days of opening is more than 50 days, and the time of opening of the North Route of Northwest Passage is mainly concentrated in September.The most complicated ice condition in the northeast channel is the sea ice in the Northern Islands, which connects the Laptev Sea and the Kera Sea, and it is also the key area that affects the opening of the channel.The key factors affecting the opening of the southern route of the Northwest Passage are the Victoria Channel near King William, the Pier Channel on the east side of Prince Island of Wales and the sea ice condition in the Barrow Strait region on the north side.The key areas affecting the opening of the northern route are the McLourr Strait and the Viscount Melville Strait in the northwest of Banks Island, and the navigability of the Northeast Passage is superior to that of the Northwest Passage.Although the total amount of Arctic sea ice decreases under the background of climate change, due to the increase of sea ice fluidity and the increasing complexity of local sea ice changes, the distribution of sea ice varies greatly between years, so it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and forecasting capacity of Arctic sea ice.To provide the guarantee for the future waterway utilization.
【作者單位】： 國家海洋環(huán)境預報中心國家海洋局海洋災害預報技術研究重點實驗室;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金項目(41376188,41206184) 海洋公益性行業(yè)科研專項(201205007) 極地考察專項(CHINARE-03-01) 國家海洋局極地對外合作項目(IC201211)
【分類號】：U697;P731.15

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本文編號：1716738