本文選題：道路除冰　切入點：蒸汽射流　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：冬季寒冷地區(qū)的降雪、凍雨天氣時有發(fā)生，道路表層形成積雪、結(jié)冰后，其表面附著力將顯著降低，極易引發(fā)交通事故。及時、有效的去除道路表面冰雪成為保障道路交通安全的關(guān)鍵。傳統(tǒng)的化學(xué)融冰法由于較嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染問題，已逐步被限制使用；而機(jī)械除冰法無法有效應(yīng)對較薄的道路冰雪。蒸汽射流除冰技術(shù)，是一種環(huán)保、清潔的除冰技術(shù)，研究這種技術(shù)具備良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會意義。 論文闡述了基于蒸汽射流技術(shù)的道路除冰車工作原理及結(jié)構(gòu)組成；對復(fù)雜的蒸汽射流除冰過程進(jìn)行理論分析，通過熱力學(xué)計算，得出一定除冰作業(yè)條件下的能源消耗，明確指出蒸汽射流除冰技術(shù)對于道路薄冰（厚度10mm以下）作業(yè)的可行性。理論計算表明：降低冰雪厚度、優(yōu)化蒸汽射流裝置、減少熱量耗散，是提升蒸汽射流除冰效率、降低能源消耗的關(guān)鍵。 噴嘴是蒸汽射流裝置的關(guān)鍵部件，基于CFD，，采用FLUENT仿真分析軟件，確定了較優(yōu)的單噴嘴形狀及關(guān)鍵性能參數(shù)（圓錐包角15°和長徑比1）。針對多噴嘴的布置，采用正交優(yōu)化法，分析多因素及其交互作用對除冰效率的影響，并確定了較優(yōu)的因素水平（噴嘴入口直徑2mm，作業(yè)高度15mm等）。 針對實際作業(yè)工況下的蒸汽射流特性，重點分析吸水、路拱坡度等對蒸汽射流除冰效率的影響，通過合理優(yōu)化蒸汽射流裝置（調(diào)整噴嘴、吸水裝置、擋板等布置），有效優(yōu)化了其溫度場和速度場，達(dá)到了高效除冰和實時吸水的要求。
[Abstract]:Snow falls in cold areas in winter, and freezing and rain weather occurs from time to time. Snow is formed on the surface of roads. After freezing, its surface adhesion will be significantly reduced, which will easily lead to traffic accidents. The effective removal of ice and snow on the road surface is the key to ensure road traffic safety. The traditional chemical ice melting method has been gradually restricted because of serious environmental pollution. But the mechanical deicing method can not effectively deal with the thin road ice and snow. The steam jet deicing technology is a kind of environmental protection and clean deicing technology. The research of this technology has good economic benefit and social significance. This paper expounds the working principle and structure of road deicing vehicle based on steam jet technology, analyzes the complicated deicing process of steam jet, and obtains the energy consumption under certain deicing conditions by thermodynamic calculation. The feasibility of steam jet deicing technology for road ice (less than 10mm thickness) is pointed out. The theoretical calculation shows that reducing ice and snow thickness, optimizing steam jet device and reducing heat dissipation can improve the deicing efficiency of steam jet. The key to reducing energy consumption. Nozzle is the key component of steam jet device. Based on CFDs and FLUENT software, the optimum single nozzle shape and key performance parameters (cone angle 15 擄and aspect ratio 1) are determined. The orthogonal optimization method is used for the arrangement of multiple nozzles. The effects of multi-factors and their interaction on deicing efficiency were analyzed, and the optimum factor levels (nozzle inlet diameter 2mm, operation height 15mm, etc.) were determined. In view of the characteristics of steam jet under actual working conditions, the influence of water absorption and slope of road arch on the deicing efficiency of steam jet is analyzed, and the reasonable optimization of steam jet device (adjusting nozzle, water absorbing device, etc.). The temperature field and velocity field of the baffle are optimized effectively, which meet the requirements of high efficiency deicing and real time water absorption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U418.326

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