本文選題：三峽庫(kù)區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：躉船　出處：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近些年來(lái)，隨著三峽庫(kù)區(qū)175m蓄水，三峽庫(kù)區(qū)航道條件逐漸改善，船舶的噸位越來(lái)越大型化，船舶航速不斷提高，三峽庫(kù)區(qū)航運(yùn)業(yè)越來(lái)越繁榮。三峽庫(kù)區(qū)的枯水期和洪水期的水位落差達(dá)30米，使得躉船的系纜或錨鏈長(zhǎng)度、受力各不同，躉船系泊難度越來(lái)越大。近幾年洪水期躉船碼頭斷纜事故頻發(fā)，因此岸邊系泊躉船纜繩或者錨鏈的拉力不足。通過(guò)對(duì)重慶港的餐飲躉船碼頭的了解，目前纜繩直徑及數(shù)量的選擇是以專(zhuān)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)作參考。以建立三峽庫(kù)區(qū)躉船系泊計(jì)算模型目的，致力于減少或杜絕因纜繩受力估算不夠而造成的斷纜或走錨事故，使躉船系泊設(shè)備的配備更加科學(xué)合理。 通過(guò)采集相關(guān)航道數(shù)據(jù)并進(jìn)行處理，運(yùn)用采集的信息對(duì)三峽庫(kù)區(qū)的干流及主要支流進(jìn)行航道特征分析。通過(guò)分析躉船系泊安全控制因素，分別建立風(fēng)、浪、流的計(jì)算模型。根據(jù)風(fēng)壓力的計(jì)算模型，仿真分析出風(fēng)壓力產(chǎn)生橫向系泊力明顯大于縱向系泊力。根據(jù)三峽庫(kù)區(qū)的航道寬度一定，躉船系泊在航道一側(cè)，提出波浪對(duì)躉船系泊安全的影響不可忽略，從而建立過(guò)往船舶產(chǎn)生船行波對(duì)躉船系泊的計(jì)算模型。運(yùn)用采集數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行仿真：波浪高度隨船速的增加迅速增大，波浪系泊力的大小與波高成正比；波浪系泊力達(dá)到最大值所需要的波浪周期與系靠躉船的固有周期相關(guān)，，比躉船的固有周期稍長(zhǎng)；而波浪系泊力最大值的大小與波浪周期大小無(wú)關(guān)，只與躉船尺寸有關(guān)。將山區(qū)河流洪水期漂浮物的影響考慮到水流力的計(jì)算模型中，對(duì)水流力的模型進(jìn)行仿真分析，得出水流力產(chǎn)生的縱向分力遠(yuǎn)大于橫向分力。 通過(guò)對(duì)三峽庫(kù)區(qū)中躉船碼頭風(fēng)、浪、流荷載的研究，建立三峽庫(kù)區(qū)躉船碼頭系泊力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的計(jì)算模型。采集極端天氣下相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，進(jìn)行仿真分析得出纜繩或錨鏈水平投影與船首夾角的邊界條件，并分析出各方向上系纜的最優(yōu)布置。對(duì)餐飲躉船進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算得出：風(fēng)壓力產(chǎn)生的橫向分力大于浪壓力產(chǎn)生的橫向分力，水流力產(chǎn)生的橫向分力最�。凰髁Ξa(chǎn)生的縱向分力最大，其次是風(fēng)壓力產(chǎn)生的縱向分力，浪壓力產(chǎn)生的縱向分力最小。各錨鏈及纜繩標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的受力大小順序?yàn)椋菏组_(kāi)錨領(lǐng)水錨尾開(kāi)錨首纜尾纜首橫纜尾橫纜尾錨。運(yùn)用實(shí)例對(duì)模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，得出模型的有效性。運(yùn)用各系纜的現(xiàn)狀值與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值進(jìn)行對(duì)比，得出躉船的系泊力不足。 文中的計(jì)算模型為我國(guó)內(nèi)河碼頭建設(shè)和相關(guān)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定提供參考，為躉船系纜的布置方案提供必要的數(shù)據(jù)及參考意見(jiàn)，為躉船系泊設(shè)備的配備提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the 175m water storage in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the waterway conditions in the three Gorges Reservoir area have been gradually improved, the tonnage of ships has become larger and larger, and the speed of ships has been continuously increased. The shipping industry in the three Gorges Reservoir area is becoming more and more prosperous. The water level drop in the three Gorges Reservoir area is up to 30 meters during the dry and flood periods, which makes the length of the mooring cables or anchor chains of the barges different from each other. The mooring of barges is becoming more and more difficult. In recent years, the barge wharf has suffered frequent cable breakage accidents, so the tension of mooring barges or anchor chains on the shore is insufficient. Through the understanding of the catering barge wharf in Chongqing Port, At present, the selection of cable diameter and quantity is based on the experience of experts. In order to establish the mooring calculation model of barges in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the purpose of this paper is to reduce or eliminate the cable breakage or anchor accidents caused by insufficient estimation of cable force. The equipment of barge mooring equipment is more scientific and reasonable. By collecting and processing the relevant waterway data and using the collected information to analyze the channel characteristics of the main stream and its main tributaries in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the wind and waves are established by analyzing the factors controlling the mooring safety of the barges. According to the calculation model of wind pressure, the transverse mooring force produced by wind pressure is obviously larger than that of longitudinal mooring force. According to the fixed channel width of the three Gorges Reservoir area, the barge mooring is on one side of the channel. The influence of wave on mooring safety of barges can not be ignored, and the calculation model of mooring of barges produced by passing ships is set up. Using the collected data, the wave height increases rapidly with the increase of ship speed. The wave mooring force is proportional to the wave Gao Cheng, the wave period needed to reach the maximum wave mooring force is related to the inherent period of the barge, which is a little longer than that of the barge. However, the maximum value of wave mooring force is independent of the wave period and is only related to the size of barge. Considering the effect of floating matter in the flood period of mountain rivers, the model of current force is simulated and analyzed. It is concluded that the longitudinal component force generated by the flow force is much larger than the transverse component force. Based on the study of wind, wave and current load of barge wharf in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the calculation model of mooring force standard value of barge wharf in the three Gorges Reservoir area is established. The boundary conditions of the angle between the horizontal projection of cable or anchor chain and the bow of the ship are obtained by simulation analysis. The optimal arrangement of mooring cable in each direction is analyzed. The simulation calculation of catering barge shows that the transverse component force generated by wind pressure is larger than that by wave pressure, and the transverse component force produced by water force is the least. The longitudinal component produced by the flow force is the largest, followed by the longitudinal component produced by the wind pressure. The longitudinal component force produced by wave pressure is the smallest. The order of the standard values of anchoring chain and cable is as follows: the first open anchor, the open anchor, the tail anchor, the first cable, the tail cable, the transverse cable and the tail anchor. An example is used to verify the model. The effectiveness of the model is obtained. By comparing the current and standard values of mooring cables, the mooring force of barges is found to be insufficient. The calculation model in this paper provides a reference for the construction of inland river wharves in China and the formulation of relevant industry standards, provides necessary data and reference opinions for the arrangement of mooring cables of barges, and provides a theoretical basis for the allocation of mooring equipment for barges.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U653.2

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