本文關(guān)鍵詞： 價(jià)值工程 成本控制 ELECTRE III 工程項(xiàng)目 方案評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速，城鎮(zhèn)化速度明顯加快，大量的工程項(xiàng)目正在建設(shè)中。而工程項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過程，其投資額大、參與人員多、工期緊張、涉及因素復(fù)雜，需要進(jìn)行科學(xué)有效計(jì)劃和統(tǒng)籌，才能在有限成本的前提下保質(zhì)保量的完成項(xiàng)目任務(wù)。按照常規(guī)，工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目建設(shè)可以劃分為項(xiàng)目定義與決策階段、項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃和設(shè)計(jì)階段、項(xiàng)目實(shí)施與控制階段、項(xiàng)目完工與交付階段、項(xiàng)目運(yùn)營維護(hù)階段等五個(gè)階段。從工程實(shí)踐和工程造價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)綜合比較分析表明，無論是大型工民建項(xiàng)目還是市政道橋建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，一旦投資決策作出以后，設(shè)計(jì)階段影響成本的比例占整個(gè)項(xiàng)目造價(jià)的75%以上。顯然，當(dāng)項(xiàng)目投資決策確定以后，設(shè)計(jì)階段將是成本控制的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)與過程。 價(jià)值工程作為一種經(jīng)濟(jì)與技術(shù)相結(jié)合的現(xiàn)代管理技術(shù)，對于節(jié)約項(xiàng)目成本、提高功能、實(shí)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目功能與成本的最佳組合發(fā)揮著重要的作用，尤其應(yīng)用在工程項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)階段。價(jià)值工程以功能分析為導(dǎo)向，在多個(gè)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域開展協(xié)作，運(yùn)用一定的方法尋求研究對象功能與成本的最佳組合，提高產(chǎn)品價(jià)值，從而獲得更高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。應(yīng)用價(jià)值工程的目的是提高價(jià)值，關(guān)鍵在于對功能與成本進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析，充分發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性思維提出創(chuàng)新方案。應(yīng)用價(jià)值工程研究功能以及功能與成本之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)和需要完善與改進(jìn)的地方，運(yùn)用創(chuàng)新思維，調(diào)整優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方案，提高功能，降低成本，，最終達(dá)到提高項(xiàng)目價(jià)值的目的。 設(shè)計(jì)階段是影響工程項(xiàng)目投資的重要階段。本文介紹了工程項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)階段成本控制理論，并對價(jià)值工程的概念做了簡單介紹，分析了價(jià)值工程在項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)階段的運(yùn)用，并結(jié)合具體工程實(shí)踐，以價(jià)值工程在廈門某隧道建設(shè)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)階段的應(yīng)用為案例，對其設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)行科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)，得出評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果后，再次利用價(jià)值工程原理結(jié)合ELECTRE III方法對方案結(jié)果進(jìn)一步評(píng)價(jià)選擇。本文對如何運(yùn)用價(jià)值工程對設(shè)計(jì)方案優(yōu)選以達(dá)到主動(dòng)控制工程造價(jià)的目的進(jìn)行了探討。希望通過本文案例中運(yùn)用價(jià)值工程的改善實(shí)踐，能為類似市政隧道建設(shè)項(xiàng)目提供有益的借鑒，并為其他工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目成本控制提供一些寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:At present, the economy of our country is developing rapidly, the speed of urbanization is quickening obviously, a large number of engineering projects are under construction, and the construction of engineering projects is a complicated process. It is necessary to carry out scientific and effective planning and overall planning in order to complete the project tasks under the premise of limited cost, quality and quantity. According to the convention, the construction of engineering projects can be divided into the stages of project definition and decision, project planning and design. Project implementation and control stage, project completion and delivery stage, project operation and maintenance stage, etc. From the comprehensive comparison and analysis of engineering practice and project cost data, it is shown that whether large-scale civil engineering projects or municipal road and bridge construction projects, Once the investment decision is made, the proportion of the design stage that affects the cost of the project is more than 75%. Obviously, when the project investment decision is made, the design stage will be the key link and process of cost control. Value engineering, as a modern management technology combining economy and technology, plays an important role in saving project cost, improving function and realizing the best combination of project function and cost. Especially in the stage of engineering project design, value engineering is guided by function analysis, cooperating in many related fields, using certain methods to seek the best combination of function and cost of research object, and to improve product value. In order to achieve higher economic and social benefits, the purpose of applying value engineering is to improve value, and the key lies in the systematic analysis of function and cost. Bring creative thinking into full play, put forward innovative scheme, apply the research function of value engineering and the logical relation between function and cost, find out the key link and the place that need to be perfected and improve, apply innovative thinking, adjust the optimized design scheme, Improve the function, reduce the cost, and finally achieve the purpose of improving the value of the project. The design stage is an important stage that affects the investment of engineering project. This paper introduces the theory of cost control in the design stage of engineering project, introduces the concept of value engineering, and analyzes the application of value engineering in the stage of project design. Combined with concrete engineering practice, taking the application of value engineering in the design stage of a tunnel construction project in Xiamen as a case, the design scheme is scientifically evaluated, and the evaluation results are obtained. Again, the value engineering principle and ELECTRE III method are used to further evaluate and select the scheme results. This paper discusses how to use value engineering to optimize the design scheme in order to achieve the purpose of actively controlling the project cost. In this paper, the application of value engineering to improve the practice, It can provide useful reference for similar municipal tunnel construction project, and provide some valuable experience for other construction project cost control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U452

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