本文關(guān)鍵詞： 激光掃描 橋梁 變形監(jiān)測 點云數(shù)據(jù) 特征線　出處：《浙江工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著科學技術(shù)革新的日新月異,三維激光掃描技術(shù)應運而生,已經(jīng)成為了一項新的激光技術(shù),相繼研究應用于各大領(lǐng)域,與GPS技術(shù)一樣,是工程應用領(lǐng)域的又一次科技革命。對橋梁進行變形監(jiān)測,是橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測的重要組成部分,是監(jiān)控橋梁服役狀況的方法之一。研究應用三維激光掃描技術(shù)對橋梁進行變形監(jiān)測的可行性,并將此技術(shù)推廣至工程結(jié)構(gòu)變形監(jiān)測領(lǐng)域具有重大的現(xiàn)實意義。及時掌握工程結(jié)構(gòu)的服役狀況,消除安全隱患,保障工程結(jié)構(gòu)安全運行,減少或者消除國家財產(chǎn)和人民生命財產(chǎn)損失,具有重大的意義。 本文采用的是瑞士徠卡公司生產(chǎn)的三維激光掃描儀(ScanStation2),對橋梁進行全局性定期無接觸掃描監(jiān)測,提取特征線數(shù)據(jù),提出一種基于無初始參數(shù)的特征線線性模型求差,沿特征線方向連續(xù)變形量化的方法。利用Cyclone初步處理點云數(shù)據(jù),提取橋各個部分的連續(xù)特征數(shù)據(jù)；對特征數(shù)據(jù)進行曲線擬合,建立二維模型,以某一時期的模型作為參考,求出各個時期的模型差函數(shù),利用MATLAB語言量化各個時期的變形隨橋長方向分布,簡明直觀,進而分析整個橋梁的變形狀況,并和歷史傳統(tǒng)測量數(shù)據(jù)的模型進行了對比。探討三維激光掃描技術(shù)在既有橋梁變形監(jiān)測中的可行性,得到良好效果。本文的主要工作和成果如下： (1)詳細介紹三維激光掃描技術(shù)的原理,系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成,應用現(xiàn)狀； (2)詳細介紹目前橋梁健康監(jiān)測的技術(shù)手段與方法,監(jiān)測內(nèi)容； (3)探討與優(yōu)化三維激光掃描實驗數(shù)據(jù)獲取方案,基于Cyclone軟件的系列數(shù)據(jù)處理方法與注意事項； (4)探討數(shù)據(jù)誤差處理對策,模型比對方法,特征數(shù)據(jù)提取、擬合；MATLAB特征線變形量化表達,傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測歷史數(shù)據(jù)的分析； (5)本文針對的是拱橋這一種橋梁結(jié)構(gòu),鑒于其他類型的大型橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)有待進一步研究；在特定的環(huán)境下獲得的數(shù)據(jù)的精確性有待進一步提高,以實現(xiàn)更高精度監(jiān)測,拓寬應用領(lǐng)域。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, 3D laser scanning technology has emerged as the times require, and has become a new laser technology, which has been studied and applied in various fields, just like GPS technology. It is another scientific and technological revolution in the field of engineering application. Monitoring the deformation of bridges is an important part of the health monitoring of bridge structures. It is one of the methods to monitor the service status of bridges. The feasibility of using 3D laser scanning technology to monitor the deformation of bridges is studied. It is of great practical significance to extend this technology to the field of deformation monitoring of engineering structures. It is of great practical significance to grasp the service status of engineering structures in time, eliminate the hidden dangers of safety, and ensure the safe operation of engineering structures. It is of great significance to reduce or eliminate the loss of state property and people's life and property. In this paper, a 3D laser scanner, ScanStation2, produced by Leica Company of Switzerland, is used to monitor the bridge on a regular basis, extract the feature line data, and propose a linear model based on no initial parameters to solve the problem. The method of continuous deformation quantization along the direction of feature line. The continuous feature data of each part of the bridge are extracted by using Cyclone to process the point cloud data preliminarily, and the curve fitting of the characteristic data is carried out, and the two-dimensional model is established, and the model of a certain period is used as a reference. The model difference function of each period is obtained, and the deformation distribution of each period is quantified by MATLAB language, which is simple and intuitionistic, and then the deformation of the whole bridge is analyzed. The feasibility of 3D laser scanning technology in the deformation monitoring of existing bridges is discussed, and good results are obtained. The main work and results of this paper are as follows:. 1) the principle, system structure and application status of 3D laser scanning technology are introduced in detail. (2) introduce in detail the technical means and methods of bridge health monitoring at present, and the contents of monitoring; 3) discuss and optimize the data acquisition scheme of 3D laser scanning experiment, the series data processing method based on Cyclone software and the matters needing attention; 4) discuss the data error processing countermeasure, model comparison method, feature data extraction, fitting MATLAB feature line deformation quantification expression, traditional monitoring historical data analysis; In view of the fact that other types of large bridge structures need to be further studied, the accuracy of the data obtained in a specific environment needs to be further improved in order to achieve higher accuracy monitoring. Widen the scope of application.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U446

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