本文關(guān)鍵詞： 交通擁堵收費 有效性 可拓學(xué) 評價　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進程的不斷加快,機動車數(shù)量劇增,交通擁堵問題成為世界各大城市的“城市通病”。在諸多的交通管理措施當(dāng)中,交通擁堵收費被認(rèn)為是一種有效的緩解城市交通擁堵問題的交通需求管理方法,它從經(jīng)濟學(xué)的角度,將交通擁堵的外部不經(jīng)濟性內(nèi)部化,使城市交通空間和時間的結(jié)構(gòu)合理化,同時能夠促進城市公共交通的發(fā)展。新加坡、倫敦、斯德哥爾摩、紐約、多倫多等城市已經(jīng)成功地實施了城市交通擁堵收費策略。我國的北京、上海、廣州、成都等大城市也已經(jīng)開始著手于交通擁堵收費實施的前期準(zhǔn)備,并將在條件成熟的情況下開始實施。 然而,城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費是一個十分復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng),它包含諸多影響因素,它的實施應(yīng)該是一個動態(tài)的過程,在實施各個階段應(yīng)及時地對其有效性進行評估,并根據(jù)評估結(jié)果及時采取改進和調(diào)整措施。如何科學(xué)、合理地對城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費策略的有效性進行評價對它能夠成功地長期實施具有非常重要的意義。 本文對國內(nèi)外關(guān)于城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費策略有效性評價的研究現(xiàn)狀進行了分析和總結(jié),發(fā)現(xiàn)目前國內(nèi)外的大部分學(xué)者只是從單一的角度對其有效性進行評價,或者只是通過一個相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)變化來給予說明,這樣的有效性評價存在片面化、不系統(tǒng)等方面的不足,從而評價結(jié)果不盡合理,缺乏說服力。鑒于此,本文總結(jié)了倫敦、斯德哥爾摩、新加坡三大城市的交通擁堵收費實踐經(jīng)驗,通過對三個城市關(guān)于擁堵收費方案的效果總結(jié),構(gòu)建了城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費策略實施有效性評價指標(biāo)體系,該指標(biāo)體系一共分為3個目標(biāo)層,3個指標(biāo)類別(公眾參與、交通影響、社會性效益),16項評價指標(biāo)。 采用主客觀相結(jié)合的方法確定各項指標(biāo)的權(quán)重系數(shù),運用可拓學(xué)中的優(yōu)度評價理論,提出了基于可拓學(xué)的城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費策略有效性評價方法以及有效性等級判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),建立可拓物元模型。在實例分析中,分析斯德哥爾摩市交通擁堵收費實施前后的相關(guān)狀況,判定其實施有效性,并對有效性評價結(jié)果做了簡要分析,從而證明本文提出的城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費策略實施有效性評價方法的有效性、合理性、實用性。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles has increased dramatically. Traffic congestion has become a "common urban problem" in major cities of the world. Among the many traffic management measures, Traffic congestion charge is regarded as an effective traffic demand management method to alleviate urban traffic congestion problem. It internalizes the external diseconomy of traffic congestion and rationalizes the structure of urban traffic space and time from an economic point of view. Singapore, London, Stockholm, New York, Toronto and other cities have successfully implemented urban congestion pricing strategies. China's Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu and other big cities have also begun to prepare for the implementation of congestion charges, and will begin to implement the conditions. However, traffic congestion charge is a very complex system in the center of the city. It contains many factors, and its implementation should be a dynamic process, and its effectiveness should be evaluated in time in every stage of implementation. According to the evaluation results, it is very important to take timely improvement and adjustment measures. How to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic congestion pricing strategy scientifically and reasonably is of great significance for its successful long-term implementation. This paper analyzes and summarizes the current situation of the research on the effectiveness evaluation of traffic congestion pricing strategy in urban center district, and finds that most scholars at home and abroad only evaluate its effectiveness from a single point of view. Or only through a related data change to explain, such effectiveness evaluation has some shortcomings, such as one-sided, unsystematic, and so on, so the evaluation results are unreasonable and unconvincing. In view of this, this paper summarizes London, Based on the practical experience of traffic congestion charging in three major cities of Stockholm and Singapore, the effectiveness evaluation index system of traffic congestion charging strategy in urban center is constructed by summarizing the effect of congestion charging scheme in three cities. The index system is divided into three target levels, three index categories (public participation, traffic impact, social benefits) 16 evaluation indicators. The weight coefficient of each index is determined by the combination of subjective and objective methods, and the theory of excellence evaluation in extension theory is used. In this paper, a method of evaluating the effectiveness of traffic congestion toll collection strategy and the criterion of validity grade are proposed based on extenics, and the extension matter-element model is established. This paper analyzes the related situation before and after the implementation of traffic congestion charges in Stockholm, determines the effectiveness of the implementation, and makes a brief analysis of the evaluation results of the effectiveness. It proves the effectiveness, rationality and practicability of the evaluation method of traffic congestion charging strategy proposed in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F542;U491

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳來榮;張嵐;;基于雙層規(guī)劃的擁擠定價模型及算法[J];北京工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2006年06期

2 周江評;;交通擁擠收費——最新國際研究進展和案例[J];城市規(guī)劃;2010年11期

3 Maria B銉rjesson;Jonas Eliasson;Muriel B.Hugsson;Karin Brundell-Freij;劉瑩;蔡靜;;斯德哥爾摩的擁擠收費政策——政策實施5年后的效果、接受度及經(jīng)驗啟示[J];城市交通;2012年02期

4 馬祖琦;馮蘇葦;余凱;;斯德哥爾摩內(nèi)城交通擁擠收費政策述評[J];城市問題;2011年08期

5 劉南;陳達強;陳鳴飛;;城市道路系統(tǒng)多時段、多出行方式擁擠定價模型[J];管理工程學(xué)報;2007年02期

6 李斌,黃海軍;新加坡道路收費系統(tǒng)的實踐和經(jīng)驗[J];公路交通科技;2000年03期

7 門寶輝;梁川;;水質(zhì)量評價的物元分析法[J];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2003年03期

8 劉南;陳達強;吳兆峰;;帶公平限制的多時段次優(yōu)擁擠定價模型[J];管理科學(xué)學(xué)報;2008年05期

9 李志純,谷強,史峰;彈性需求下?lián)頂D道路收費的模型與算法研究[J];交通運輸工程學(xué)報;2001年03期

10 明敏;袁昌鵬;過秀成;;大城市中心區(qū)實施擁堵收費的影響評價[J];交通科技與經(jīng)濟;2009年01期

，

本文編號：1534369