本文關(guān)鍵詞： 流冰 橋墩 冰溫 強(qiáng)度 相互作用 防撞措施　出處：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在我國(guó)境內(nèi),北緯35°以北的湖泊、水庫(kù)、河流等水域均會(huì)出現(xiàn)冰凍現(xiàn)象,在冬春季節(jié)容易發(fā)生凌汛現(xiàn)象,尤其是青藏高原上江河、嫩江上游、黃河下游河段、黑龍江上游河段、松花江依蘭以下河段、黃河內(nèi)蒙古河段等水域春季凌汛現(xiàn)象更為嚴(yán)重,冰凌經(jīng)常造成河道擁堵,對(duì)防洪、交通、給排水、水利水電工程等運(yùn)營(yíng)施工產(chǎn)生非常不利的影響。因此,深入研究流冰與橋墩的相互作用,提出防冰撞措施,預(yù)防和根治冰災(zāi)害,確保人民生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 針對(duì)我國(guó)最易發(fā)生流冰凌汛的江河,本論文對(duì)黑龍江流域、內(nèi)蒙東北部地區(qū)、黃河中上游等進(jìn)行了橋梁安全性及災(zāi)害影響調(diào)研,并分析了我國(guó)江河冰情的形成及演變過(guò)程。選定4處典型試驗(yàn)河段,建立了流冰期河冰溫度試驗(yàn)場(chǎng),并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的溫度觀測(cè)。選定5處典型試驗(yàn)河段,進(jìn)行河冰力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)；根據(jù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,將溫度、應(yīng)變速率與河冰強(qiáng)度、彈性模量聯(lián)系起來(lái),并建立起它們之間的關(guān)系,提出考慮冰溫、應(yīng)變速率等因素后計(jì)算河冰強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的方法。同時(shí),運(yùn)用LS-DYNA顯式動(dòng)力分析軟件,以非線性有限元分析理論和接觸-碰撞理論為依據(jù),對(duì)流冰撞擊橋墩過(guò)程進(jìn)行仿真分析,建立分析計(jì)算模型,探討了冰排特性和橋墩破冰體形狀對(duì)流冰撞擊力的影響。具體工作如下： (1)針對(duì)流冰期河冰溫度場(chǎng),研究各試驗(yàn)河段流冰期冰溫沿冰厚的分布規(guī)律。以通用全局優(yōu)化法和準(zhǔn)牛頓法為依據(jù),運(yùn)用lstOpt軟件,建立黑龍江省三個(gè)區(qū)域的冰溫、水溫、氣溫三者關(guān)系的數(shù)值模型。 (2)結(jié)合河冰力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn),提出冰溫、應(yīng)變速率對(duì)抗壓強(qiáng)度和壓縮彈性模量的影響及對(duì)彎曲強(qiáng)度和抗彎彈性模量的影響,溫度和應(yīng)變速率呈相近的變化規(guī)律。 (3)在相同溫度和加載速率條件下,得出黑龍江省各區(qū)域的冰的抗壓強(qiáng)度均比抗彎強(qiáng)度大,在相同加載速率作用下,壓縮彈性模量約為彎曲彈性模量的50%,單軸壓縮強(qiáng)度約為抗彎強(qiáng)度的1.7倍的結(jié)論。 (4)通過(guò)對(duì)影響撞擊力仿真計(jì)算的建模因素研究,分析接觸類型及接觸算法的影響。計(jì)算得出流冰撞擊力隨著冰排強(qiáng)度、彈性模量、冰排厚度的增加而呈增大的趨勢(shì)。 (5)提出冰壓力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的計(jì)算方法,冰強(qiáng)度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值根據(jù)歷年流冰時(shí)最低的加權(quán)平均冰溫和最大的冰流速計(jì)算確定,也可以根據(jù)歷年流冰時(shí)最低氣溫、水溫和最大冰流速計(jì)算來(lái)確定。這種確定方法符合橋位河段現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的實(shí)際情況,從而大大提高了計(jì)算的精準(zhǔn)度。 (6)研究流冰撞擊破壞的機(jī)理及破冰體形狀、傾角對(duì)流冰撞擊力的影響。提出不同橋墩模式所設(shè)置的不同尖角和豎向前棱傾角的取值范圍,提升防撞效果。 (7)分析橋墩四種破壞形式,提出橋墩防冰撞設(shè)計(jì)原則,制定可經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)用的防撞措施,有效地確保橋墩免受嚴(yán)重流冰的毀壞。 流冰與橋墩相互作用的研究成果為下步防冰撞技術(shù)措施的研究奠定基礎(chǔ),并為橋墩防冰撞設(shè)計(jì)提供有效的參考意見(jiàn)。
[Abstract]:In our country, north latitude 35 degrees north of the lake, reservoir, river water will be frozen, prone to the phenomenon of ice in the winter season, especially in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau on the river, the upper reaches of the Nenjiang River, the Yellow River River, Heilongjiang River, Songhua River and Yilan in the lower reaches of the the Yellow River River, Inner Mongolia and other waters in spring flood phenomenon serious, often caused by river ice jams, for flood control, transportation, water supply and drainage, water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction operations have a very negative impact. Therefore, research on the interaction of ice and pier, the anti ice bump measures, prevention and cure of ice disaster, to ensure the safety of people's lives and property, has very important practical significance.
In our country the most prone to ice flood river, the Heilongjiang River Basin, Northeastern Inner Mongolia, the Yellow River and other upstream of the bridge safety and disaster affected research, and analyzes the formation of China's rivers of ice and evolution. Selected 4 typical test section, a period of river ice ice temperature the test field, and has carried on the observation of temperature long time. Selected 5 typical test section, test of river ice mechanical properties; according to the test results, the temperature, strain rate and river ice strength, contact elastic modulus, and establish the relationship between them, proposed method of river ice temperature. The ice strength standard value calculation factor and strain rate. At the same time, using LS-DYNA explicit dynamic analysis software, based on the nonlinear finite element analysis theory and contact impact theory, convection ice pier collision simulation analysis process, establish Analysis and calculation model, discusses the influence of ice and ice pier body shape characteristics of convective impact force. The specific work is as follows:
(1) the river ice temperature field of ice period, ice thickness distribution along the river ice ice temperature test period. The general global optimization method and quasi Newton method based on the use of lstOpt software, the establishment of ice temperature, the three regions of Heilongjiang Province, the water temperature, the numerical model of the temperature of the relationship between the three.
(2) combined with the mechanical performance test of river ice, the influence of ice temperature and strain rate on compressive strength and compressive elastic modulus and the influence of flexural strength and bending modulus of elasticity are put forward.
(3) under the same temperature and loading rate, it is concluded that the compressive strength of each area in Heilongjiang is greater than that of flexural strength. Under the same loading rate, the compressive elastic modulus is about 50% of the flexural modulus, and the uniaxial compressive strength is 1.7 times the bending strength.
(4) through the research of modeling calculation on the influence factors of impact force simulation, influence of contact type and contact algorithm. The calculated ice impact force with ice strength, elastic modulus, and the increase of ice thickness increases.
(5) proposed a method to calculate the standard value of the pressure of ice, ice strength standard value calculated and determined according to the weighted average of the lowest over the ice ice temperature and maximum ice velocity, ice can also be based on the calendar year when the minimum temperature, maximum temperature and ice velocity calculation to determine. This determination method in accordance with the actual situation of the bridge site reach the scene, which greatly improves the calculation accuracy.
(6) the mechanism and ice shape research of ice collision damage, influence of inclination of convection impact force. The range of proposed different pier mode set by different angle and vertical angle of the forward edge, enhance the anti collision effect.
(7) analysis of pier four failure modes, the anti ice pier hit design principles, develop economy, practical anti-collision measures, effectively ensure the destruction of the pier from serious ice.
The results lay the foundation of ice and pier interaction for the next step into the anti icing technical measures, and provide effective reference for design of anti ice pier hit.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U443.22;U442.3

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