本文關鍵詞： 無線傳感器網絡 智能交通 節(jié)點定位 DV-Hop算法　出處：《蘭州理工大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著傳感器技術,低能耗電子和射頻技術的發(fā)展,低成本的無線微傳感器逐漸得到大規(guī)模應用,相應的無線傳感器網絡(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)應用而生。這種網絡可廣泛應用于國防軍事、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、交通領域、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生等諸多領域,已成為計算機和通信領域中的一個研究熱點。而針對無線傳感器網絡的大量應用都依賴于節(jié)點的位置信息,也就是說在WSN這個全新的研究領域中,網絡節(jié)點自身定位問題是當前科技工作者需要首先解決的研究課題,它必須滿足在傳感器節(jié)點成本、能量和體積的限制下,達到低能耗、低成本、低復雜性和高精度的無線傳感器網絡節(jié)點的定位能力。 本文以智能公交系統(tǒng)為研究背景,在對比了GPS與無線傳感器網絡這兩種定位技術后,重點對道路環(huán)境中無線傳感器網絡定位技術展開研究。目前應用于傳感器網絡節(jié)點定位的技術主要有基于測距和無需測距定位技術。前者盡管精度較高,但大都需要額外增加硬件開銷,不適應與公交道路應用場景。而無需測距定位技術在不需要復雜硬件設備的情況下能提供足夠的定位精度。結合道路環(huán)境最后選取了DV-Hop算法作為本文的研究重點。 論文重點分析了DV-Hop定位算法及其在交通道路環(huán)境中會面臨平均每跳距離誤差大問題；在城市道路中,因節(jié)點稀疏造成定位準確度與節(jié)點覆蓋率低問題；因節(jié)點沿道路帶狀分布造成的節(jié)點共線等問題。得出采用RSSI輔助測距的定位技術校正網絡中的平均每跳距離�？梢杂行p少不合理的平均每跳距離。而對于錨節(jié)點不均勻分布,所產生的不良節(jié)點,使得網絡中部分節(jié)點無法準確定位問題。本文采用Max方法在傳感器網絡的最大誤差處放置新的錨節(jié)點,從而消除不良節(jié)點。最后針對節(jié)點共線帶來的計量誤差問題,本文采用雙曲線定位算法代替三邊測量法以減小誤差。 文章最后在matlab仿真平臺上實現(xiàn)了本文定位算法,對本文改進定位算法進行了仿真實驗。實驗結果表明改進后的算法能夠很好提高節(jié)點定位精度與覆蓋率。
[Abstract]:With the development of sensor technology, low energy consumption electronics and radio frequency technology, low cost wireless microsensors are gradually applied on a large scale. The corresponding wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been developed by the application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which can be widely used in defense, military and environmental monitoring. Transportation, health and many other fields have become a research hotspot in the field of computer and communication, and a large number of applications of wireless sensor networks depend on the location information of nodes. That is to say, in the new research field of WSN, the problem of network node localization is the first research topic to be solved by science and technology workers at present, and it must meet the cost of sensor node. Under the limitation of energy and volume, the localization ability of wireless sensor network nodes with low energy consumption, low cost, low complexity and high precision is achieved. In this paper, intelligent bus system as the research background, after comparing the GPS and wireless sensor network positioning technology. This paper focuses on the research of wireless sensor network location technology in road environment. At present, the main technologies used in sensor network node location are based on ranging and need not distance location technology, the former although the accuracy is high. But most require additional hardware overhead. It can provide enough positioning accuracy without the need of complex hardware equipment. Finally, the DV-Hop algorithm is selected as the paper combined with the road environment. The focus of the study. This paper focuses on the analysis of the DV-Hop location algorithm and the large problem of the average distance per hop error in the traffic road environment. In urban roads, the problem of location accuracy and node coverage is low due to sparse nodes. Due to the collinearity caused by the distribution of nodes along the road strip, the average distance per hop in the network can be corrected by using the location technique of RSSI aided ranging, which can effectively reduce the unreasonable average distance per hop. The anchor nodes are unevenly distributed. Due to the bad nodes, some nodes in the network can not locate accurately. In this paper, the Max method is used to place new anchor nodes at the maximum error of the sensor networks. Finally, the hyperbolic location algorithm is used instead of the trilateral measurement method to reduce the error in view of the measurement error caused by the collinearity of the node. At last, the algorithm is implemented on the matlab simulation platform. The simulation results of the improved localization algorithm show that the improved algorithm can improve the accuracy and coverage of node location.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U495;TP212.9;TN929.5

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