本文關(guān)鍵詞：黃土高原土質(zhì)路浮土徑流產(chǎn)沙模擬降雨試驗(yàn)研究　出處：《環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》2014年09期 　論文類(lèi)型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 浮土 土質(zhì)路 徑流 產(chǎn)沙 模擬降雨

【摘要】：目前關(guān)于道路侵蝕的研究較多,但針對(duì)土質(zhì)路浮土侵蝕規(guī)律的研究尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道,且浮土侵蝕由于浮土顆粒的特殊性質(zhì),與農(nóng)地、撂荒地及道路侵蝕等有較大區(qū)別.因此,本文采用室內(nèi)人工模擬降雨的方法,研究了黃土高原土質(zhì)路浮土侵蝕規(guī)律.結(jié)果表明:1大坡度、大雨強(qiáng)時(shí)產(chǎn)流起始時(shí)間隨浮土厚度的增大差異較小,并與雨強(qiáng)、坡度呈顯著線性關(guān)系,坡度2°時(shí)產(chǎn)流時(shí)間較其他坡度滯后36.23%~52.57%,隨雨強(qiáng)增大,產(chǎn)流起始時(shí)間可縮短38.57%~72.89%,開(kāi)始侵蝕土質(zhì)路路面發(fā)生在小區(qū)出口處.2徑流量在產(chǎn)流開(kāi)始后3 min內(nèi)顯著遞增,增幅可達(dá)692.59%,該過(guò)程主要發(fā)生在單獨(dú)浮土侵蝕時(shí)段,達(dá)到混合侵蝕時(shí)段后徑流量趨于相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,隨雨強(qiáng)增大而遞增,幅度可達(dá)29.84%~177.81%.開(kāi)始侵蝕路面臨界時(shí)間點(diǎn)隨雨強(qiáng)的增大而提前,隨浮土厚度的增大而滯后.3侵蝕速率在產(chǎn)流開(kāi)始后9 min時(shí)出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,在此之前的單獨(dú)浮土侵蝕時(shí)段波動(dòng)劇烈,混合侵蝕時(shí)段在大坡度下隨降雨過(guò)程持續(xù)遞增,小坡度下趨于相對(duì)穩(wěn)定.421 min時(shí)總徑流量隨雨強(qiáng)增大而遞增,坡度對(duì)21 min時(shí)總侵蝕量影響顯著,遞增幅度可達(dá)15.44%~229.00%.本研究結(jié)果闡明了土質(zhì)路浮土侵蝕規(guī)律,可為綜合治理道路及浮土侵蝕,改善當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境質(zhì)量提供科學(xué)依據(jù).
[Abstract]:At present, there are many researches on road erosion, but the study of soil erosion law has not been reported, and the floating soil erosion is due to the special properties of floating soil particles and farmland. There are great differences between abandoned land and road erosion. Therefore, in this paper, the rule of soil erosion on loess plateau is studied by artificial rainfall simulation. The results show that there is a big slope in the Loess Plateau. With the increase of the thickness of the floating soil, the initial time of runoff production is slightly different with the increase of the thickness of the floating soil, and there is a significant linear relationship between the initial time of runoff production and the intensity of rain. When the slope is 2 擄, the time of runoff production is 36.23% lower than that of the other slopes, which is 52.57%. With the increase of rain intensity, the onset time of runoff production can be shortened by 38.5772.89, and the erosion of soil road surface occurred at the exit of the plot. The runoff increased significantly within 3 min after the beginning of runoff production. The increase can reach 692.59, this process mainly occurs in the single floating soil erosion period, the runoff tends to be relatively stable after the mixed erosion period, and increases with the increase of rain intensity. The range can reach 29.84 / 177.81. the critical time point for beginning to erode the road surface is advanced with the increase of rain intensity. With the increase of the thickness of floating soil, the erosion rate lags behind .3 at 9 min after the beginning of runoff, and the erosion period of single floating soil fluctuates sharply before that. The total runoff increases with the increase of rainfall intensity at high slope, and increases with rainfall intensity at low slope, and tends to be relatively stable. 421 min. The slope has a significant effect on the total erosion amount at 21 min, and the increasing range can reach 15.444.00 ~ 229.00. The results of this study illustrate the erosion law of soil road floating soil. It can provide scientific basis for comprehensive control of road and soil erosion and improvement of local environmental quality.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所 黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)水利水電科學(xué)研究院泥沙研究所;中國(guó)科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所;
【基金】：水利部公益性行業(yè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(No.201201047,201201048) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院西部行動(dòng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(No.KZCX2-XB3-13) 黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(No.10502-T1)~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U416.03
【正文快照】： 1引言(Introduction)目前,全國(guó)各地區(qū)道路網(wǎng)系密集,主要包括農(nóng)村土質(zhì)道路、公路及高速公路等.在經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的同時(shí),道路建設(shè)也帶來(lái)了諸多環(huán)境問(wèn)題,包括區(qū)域水土流失加劇,城市道路揚(yáng)塵使得空氣中顆粒物含量增多等,這些都對(duì)人類(lèi)健康造成了威脅(Ziegleret al.,2000;王曉燕等,201

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