本文關鍵詞：減排目標下分時段交通管理措施優(yōu)化設計　出處：《清華大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 交通排放 交通管理措施 排放收費 限速 優(yōu)化建模

【摘要】：近年來交通污染排放問題日益加劇，給人們的生活環(huán)境和身體健康造成了嚴重影響，如何減少交通污染排放已經成為了日常交通管理工作的重要課題。本論文提出了高峰時段排放收費、平峰時段路段限速的交通管理措施組合體系，采用模型構建、算法設計和算例驗證相結合的方法研究減排目標下的分時段交通管理措施優(yōu)化問題，以提高交通系統(tǒng)的整體性能和道路交通管理的科學性。 首先，本研究分析了交通管理措施的作用機理，在此基礎上建立了減排目標下交通管理措施優(yōu)化基本模型。鑒于目前交通網(wǎng)絡設計模型中污染排放計算方法過于簡化的不足，論文提出了基于交通污染排放模型MOVES的路網(wǎng)減排優(yōu)化流程，為后續(xù)研究奠定了重要基礎。 接著，論文對高峰時段排放收費的方案優(yōu)化設計進行了深入研究。以路網(wǎng)污染排放最低為優(yōu)化目標，建立了基于路段的最優(yōu)排放收費設計模型，模型中加入了區(qū)域環(huán)境政策約束，增強了實用性。由于假設條件過于嚴苛，建立了帶互補約束的次優(yōu)排放收費設計模型，采用了多重子優(yōu)化算法進行求解。考慮到基于區(qū)域的排放收費模式更具備可操作性，建立了帶互補約束的區(qū)域排放收費設計模型。算例表明，，區(qū)域排放收費在有效控制區(qū)域排放的同時，能夠更大程度上緩解交通擁堵和減少路網(wǎng)污染物排放。論文利用MOVES估算污染排放，提高了優(yōu)化方案的可靠度，建立了區(qū)域排放收費雙層規(guī)劃模型，并基于SID-PSM算法構建了模型求解框架。算例表明，區(qū)域排放預算過緊會影響整體路網(wǎng)污染減排效果。 隨后，論文將排放收費和路段限速進行對比分析，表明路段限速僅在交通需求較小的平峰時段能夠調整路網(wǎng)流量分布，合適的限速方案有助于減少交通污染排放，提高路網(wǎng)性能。由于平峰時段交通需求的不確定性，建立了魯棒限速設計模型，采用割平面法和多重子優(yōu)化相結合的算法進行求解。算例表明，魯棒限速方案能夠在最壞需求情景下實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡性能最優(yōu)�？紤]到魯棒限速難以適應多種外界環(huán)境的變化，論文建立了任意戰(zhàn)略情景下的多目標可變限速設計模型。模型中運用MOVES估算污染排放，并構建了以NSGA-II算法為基礎的求解框架。算例表明，天氣條件能夠影響最佳路段限速方案。 最后，以北京二環(huán)路網(wǎng)為對象進行應用研究，表明論文提出的排放收費和路段限速的優(yōu)化方法能夠有效減少交通污染排放，顯著改善路網(wǎng)性能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of traffic pollution is increasing, causing a serious impact on people's living environment and health, how to reduce traffic pollution has become an important topic of daily traffic management. This paper presents peak emission charges, traffic management measures combination system of the peak period of the construction of road speed limit, the model is divided into traffic management measures optimization method research targets algorithm design and examples of the combination, in order to improve the overall performance and scientific management of road traffic transportation system.
Firstly, this study analyzes the mechanism of traffic management measures, is established based on the basic model of optimization of traffic management measures. Given the lack of emission reduction targets under the current traffic network design model in pollution emissions calculation method is too simple, the proposed road traffic emissions reduction process optimization model based on MOVES, laid the foundation for the a follow-up study.
Then, the optimization design is studied for peak emission charge. The scheme with the network pollution minimum as the optimization goal, an optimal design model based on road emission charges, the model joined the regional environmental policy constraints, enhanced practicality. Due to the assumptions are too stringent, established with complementary. The discharge charge design model constraints, using multiple sub optimization algorithm to solve this problem. Considering the emission charge mode based on region more operable, established with complementary regional emission charge design model constraints. Examples show that the regional emission charges in the effective control of regional emissions at the same time, to a greater extent alleviate traffic congestion and reduce pollutant emissions. The use of MOVES network to estimate pollution emissions, improve the reliability of the optimization scheme, the establishment of a regional emission charges the bi level programming model Based on the SID-PSM algorithm, the model solution framework is constructed. The calculation example shows that the tight regional emission budget will affect the pollution reduction effect of the overall road network.
Subsequently, the discharge fees and road speed limit analysis shows that road speed limit can adjust the network flow distribution only in the peak period traffic demand is small, the speed limit scheme suitable to help reduce traffic pollution emissions, improve the network performance. Because of the peak period traffic demand uncertainty, a robust design model of speed limit and using the cutting plane method and multiple sub optimization combining algorithms. Examples show that the robust speed limit scheme can achieve the optimum network performance in the worst demand scenarios. Considering the robust speed more difficult to adapt to changes in the external environment, the paper establishes a multi-objective design model of variable speed arbitrary situations. Strategic model using MOVES to estimate the pollution emissions, and constructs a solution framework based on NSGA-II algorithm. Examples show that the weather conditions can affect the optimal road speed limit scheme.
Finally, the application of the two ring road network in Beijing is studied. It shows that the optimization method of emission charge and road speed limit can effectively reduce traffic emissions and significantly improve the performance of road network.

【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491

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本文編號：1404017