本文關鍵詞：基于磁阻傳感器的車流量檢測系統(tǒng)的設計與應用　出處：《廈門大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 磁阻效應 磁阻傳感器 檢測算法

【摘要】：我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展快速,城市化步伐不斷加快,城市汽車數(shù)量也在不斷攀升,城市交通擁堵十分嚴重。目前,我國的十字路口紅綠信號燈大多采用固定時間的方式控制,雖然有些城市會根據(jù)不同時間段或早高峰時期調(diào)整紅綠信號燈的亮滅時間,但還是無法根據(jù)道路實際車況靈活控制紅綠信號燈。如何有效靈活控制紅綠燈,緩解城市交通擁堵問題已是國內(nèi)各大城市亟需研究解決的課題之一。如果十字路口紅綠信號燈可以根據(jù)各方向車道的車流量靈活變化,那么就可以避免出現(xiàn)“白等”情況,可以提高交通系統(tǒng)效率。須設計一個能實時準確體現(xiàn)道路車流量的檢測系統(tǒng),以獲取十字路口各方向的車流量信息。目前已有的車流量檢測系統(tǒng)大多存在檢測性能不夠穩(wěn)定、檢測精度偏低、維護不方便等問題。 本文設計了一個基于磁阻傳感器HMC1022的車流量檢測系統(tǒng)。論文首先分析了當前國內(nèi)外常見的幾種車輛檢測技術：雷達(微波)、激光、視頻和環(huán)形感應線圈等四種方式,分別指出其相對優(yōu)勢及存在的不足。其次,結(jié)合公式、關系圖等詳細闡述了磁阻傳感器的工作原理。當車輛進入磁阻傳感器的檢測范圍內(nèi),由于擾動了原本均勻分布的地磁場,引起磁場變化,磁場變化轉(zhuǎn)化為電壓輸出。這樣就可以得出檢測范圍內(nèi)的車流量相關信息。接著單獨列一章介紹雙軸磁阻傳感器HMC1022的外部結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)及技術參數(shù)。了解到惠斯通電橋是HMC1022的核心組成部分,每個電橋有一個敏感軸,分別用來測量與芯片平行和垂直方向的磁場Bx和By。隨后全面闡述了本系統(tǒng)的硬件設計方案,硬件部分包含了信號放大、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換、傳感器置位／復位、ZigBee無線通信。然后主要介紹了包括數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理、數(shù)據(jù)通信、RF模塊等在內(nèi)的系統(tǒng)軟件設計,以及分析介紹了幾種車輛存在檢測算法。最后,介紹了不同條件下對磁阻傳感器檢測節(jié)點的測試結(jié)果。 測試結(jié)果表明,由于算法簡單正確、硬件電路設計得當,本檢測系統(tǒng)對道路車輛具有良好的檢測效果。
[Abstract]:China's rapid economic development, the pace of the city continues to accelerate, the number of automobiles in the city is also rising, city traffic congestion is very serious. At present, at the crossroads of red and green lights in our country mostly adopts the fixed time control, although some city according to the bright red and green lights to adjust to different time period or early peak period. But according to the actual condition of road can flexibly control the red and green lights. How to flexibly control the traffic lights, alleviate the city traffic congestion problem has been one of the issues to research the domestic each big city. If the crossroads of red and green lights in accordance with the direction of traffic lane change flexibly, so it can avoid the "white" the situation, can improve the efficiency of traffic system. To design a real-time detection system can accurately reflect the road traffic flow, to obtain the crossroads in all directions At present, most of the existing vehicle flow detection systems have some problems, such as low detection performance, low detection precision and inconvenient maintenance.
This paper introduces the design of a traffic detection system based on magnetoresistive sensor HMC1022. The paper first analyzes several common vehicle detection technology at home and abroad at present: (Wei Bo), laser radar, video and induction loop in four ways, respectively, points out the advantages and disadvantages existing in. Secondly, combined with the formula, the diagram described in detail the working principle of reluctance sensor. When the vehicle enters the detection range of magnetoresistive sensor, because of the disturbance of the original uniform distribution of magnetic field, caused by the change of magnetic field and magnetic field change into voltage output. This may obtain traffic information detection range. Then separate the external structure of a chapter of biaxial reluctance the HMC1022 sensor, the internal structure and technical parameters. To understand the Wheatstone bridge is the core component of HMC1022, each bridge has a sensitive axis, which are used to measure Bx and By. chip and magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the subsequent comprehensive exposition of the hardware design of this system, the hardware part includes signal amplification, A/D conversion, sensor set / reset, ZigBee wireless communication. Then mainly introduced including data acquisition, data processing, data communication, RF module, system software design and analysis of several vehicle detection algorithms are introduced. Finally, the test results of magnetoresistive sensor detection node under different conditions.
The test results show that the detection system has good detection effect for road vehicles because of the simple and correct algorithm and the proper design of the hardware circuit.

【學位授予單位】：廈門大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.116;TP274

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