本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于磁阻傳感器的車流量檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用　出處：《廈門大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 磁阻效應(yīng) 磁阻傳感器 檢測(cè)算法

【摘要】：我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展快速,城市化步伐不斷加快,城市汽車數(shù)量也在不斷攀升,城市交通擁堵十分嚴(yán)重。目前,我國(guó)的十字路口紅綠信號(hào)燈大多采用固定時(shí)間的方式控制,雖然有些城市會(huì)根據(jù)不同時(shí)間段或早高峰時(shí)期調(diào)整紅綠信號(hào)燈的亮滅時(shí)間,但還是無(wú)法根據(jù)道路實(shí)際車況靈活控制紅綠信號(hào)燈。如何有效靈活控制紅綠燈,緩解城市交通擁堵問(wèn)題已是國(guó)內(nèi)各大城市亟需研究解決的課題之一。如果十字路口紅綠信號(hào)燈可以根據(jù)各方向車道的車流量靈活變化,那么就可以避免出現(xiàn)“白等”情況,可以提高交通系統(tǒng)效率。須設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)能實(shí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確體現(xiàn)道路車流量的檢測(cè)系統(tǒng),以獲取十字路口各方向的車流量信息。目前已有的車流量檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)大多存在檢測(cè)性能不夠穩(wěn)定、檢測(cè)精度偏低、維護(hù)不方便等問(wèn)題。 本文設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)基于磁阻傳感器HMC1022的車流量檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。論文首先分析了當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外常見(jiàn)的幾種車輛檢測(cè)技術(shù)：雷達(dá)(微波)、激光、視頻和環(huán)形感應(yīng)線圈等四種方式,分別指出其相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)及存在的不足。其次,結(jié)合公式、關(guān)系圖等詳細(xì)闡述了磁阻傳感器的工作原理。當(dāng)車輛進(jìn)入磁阻傳感器的檢測(cè)范圍內(nèi),由于擾動(dòng)了原本均勻分布的地磁場(chǎng),引起磁場(chǎng)變化,磁場(chǎng)變化轉(zhuǎn)化為電壓輸出。這樣就可以得出檢測(cè)范圍內(nèi)的車流量相關(guān)信息。接著單獨(dú)列一章介紹雙軸磁阻傳感器HMC1022的外部結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)及技術(shù)參數(shù)。了解到惠斯通電橋是HMC1022的核心組成部分,每個(gè)電橋有一個(gè)敏感軸,分別用來(lái)測(cè)量與芯片平行和垂直方向的磁場(chǎng)Bx和By。隨后全面闡述了本系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案,硬件部分包含了信號(hào)放大、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換、傳感器置位／復(fù)位、ZigBee無(wú)線通信。然后主要介紹了包括數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理、數(shù)據(jù)通信、RF模塊等在內(nèi)的系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì),以及分析介紹了幾種車輛存在檢測(cè)算法。最后,介紹了不同條件下對(duì)磁阻傳感器檢測(cè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的測(cè)試結(jié)果。 測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,由于算法簡(jiǎn)單正確、硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)得當(dāng),本檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)對(duì)道路車輛具有良好的檢測(cè)效果。
[Abstract]:China's rapid economic development, the pace of the city continues to accelerate, the number of automobiles in the city is also rising, city traffic congestion is very serious. At present, at the crossroads of red and green lights in our country mostly adopts the fixed time control, although some city according to the bright red and green lights to adjust to different time period or early peak period. But according to the actual condition of road can flexibly control the red and green lights. How to flexibly control the traffic lights, alleviate the city traffic congestion problem has been one of the issues to research the domestic each big city. If the crossroads of red and green lights in accordance with the direction of traffic lane change flexibly, so it can avoid the "white" the situation, can improve the efficiency of traffic system. To design a real-time detection system can accurately reflect the road traffic flow, to obtain the crossroads in all directions At present, most of the existing vehicle flow detection systems have some problems, such as low detection performance, low detection precision and inconvenient maintenance.
This paper introduces the design of a traffic detection system based on magnetoresistive sensor HMC1022. The paper first analyzes several common vehicle detection technology at home and abroad at present: (Wei Bo), laser radar, video and induction loop in four ways, respectively, points out the advantages and disadvantages existing in. Secondly, combined with the formula, the diagram described in detail the working principle of reluctance sensor. When the vehicle enters the detection range of magnetoresistive sensor, because of the disturbance of the original uniform distribution of magnetic field, caused by the change of magnetic field and magnetic field change into voltage output. This may obtain traffic information detection range. Then separate the external structure of a chapter of biaxial reluctance the HMC1022 sensor, the internal structure and technical parameters. To understand the Wheatstone bridge is the core component of HMC1022, each bridge has a sensitive axis, which are used to measure Bx and By. chip and magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the subsequent comprehensive exposition of the hardware design of this system, the hardware part includes signal amplification, A/D conversion, sensor set / reset, ZigBee wireless communication. Then mainly introduced including data acquisition, data processing, data communication, RF module, system software design and analysis of several vehicle detection algorithms are introduced. Finally, the test results of magnetoresistive sensor detection node under different conditions.
The test results show that the detection system has good detection effect for road vehicles because of the simple and correct algorithm and the proper design of the hardware circuit.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.116;TP274

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳雁;高曉光;李建平;;各向異性磁電阻傳感器Barber電極的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J];傳感器與微系統(tǒng);2006年12期

2 王笑京;;智能交通系統(tǒng)研發(fā)歷程與動(dòng)態(tài)述評(píng)[J];城市交通;2008年01期

3 李謀成,徐滿意;基于地磁傳感的交通監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)[J];大連大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2005年04期

4 彭天笑,繆小紅;基于ZigBee的WPAN構(gòu)建方案[J];電信工程技術(shù)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;2003年08期

5 王國(guó)鋒;宋鵬飛;張?zhí)N靈;;智能交通系統(tǒng)發(fā)展與展望[J];公路;2012年05期

6 李峰;智能交通系統(tǒng)在國(guó)外的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J];國(guó)外公路;1999年01期

7 張海峰;劉曉為;王喜蓮;霍明學(xué);;磁電阻效應(yīng)的原理及其應(yīng)用[J];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2008年03期

8 梁俊斌;徐建閩;;基于感應(yīng)線圈的騎線車輛檢測(cè)方法[J];華南理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2007年07期

9 張鵬翔,陳雪梅,王茺,常雷;超巨磁電阻薄膜物理及應(yīng)用[J];紅外技術(shù);2004年03期

10 柴可夫;霍宏;方濤;;基于PLA時(shí)間序列重現(xiàn)的在線車輛檢測(cè)算法[J];計(jì)算機(jī)工程與應(yīng)用;2007年10期

，

本文編號(hào)：1391616