【摘要】：本課題為解決機床主軸振動問題,以嵌入式系統(tǒng)為基礎,研發(fā)了一種多功能機床主軸現(xiàn)場動平衡儀。機床主軸在機床旋轉(zhuǎn)加工中具有至關(guān)重要的作用,但其在加工材料選擇、結(jié)構(gòu)設計、制造工藝和裝配等多個環(huán)節(jié),通常會存在質(zhì)量分布的不均勻、偏離設計值和裝配間隙等問題。這些因素會產(chǎn)生慣性離心力和離心力偶,使得轉(zhuǎn)子在轉(zhuǎn)動過程中產(chǎn)生振動。所以,為了確保機床的機械加工精度、延長軸承和主軸的使用壽命,在安裝前以及使用過程中都要進行主軸動平衡調(diào)整。首先,本文介紹了靜平衡和動平衡理論,并針對剛性轉(zhuǎn)子的靜不平衡和動不平衡振動特性,建立振動系統(tǒng)的力學模型,分析了轉(zhuǎn)子振動時的特性和由不平衡引起的振動信號的特點。其次,為測量轉(zhuǎn)子振動信號和轉(zhuǎn)速,本設計選用壓電式加速度傳感器和反射式光電傳感器,并對傳感器的選擇和傳感器的合理安裝進行了敘述;由于從傳感器直接輸出的信號含有其他頻率的雜波信號,為了濾除雜波干擾信號,設計了信號調(diào)理電路,主要包括:一階放大高通濾波電路、二階低通濾波電路、自動跟蹤濾波電路;振動信號經(jīng)濾波后,輸出的振動信號有時太小,為提高信噪比,設計了程序控制放大電路;為使放大后的振動信號電壓在A/D輸入量程范圍,進行了電平轉(zhuǎn)換電路設計。經(jīng)電平轉(zhuǎn)換后,為實現(xiàn)模擬信號到數(shù)字信號的轉(zhuǎn)換,設計了以嵌入式芯片STM32F103C8為核心的信號采集系統(tǒng),包括硬件和軟件兩方面;硬件部分包括:供電及晶振電路、復位電路和系統(tǒng)供電穩(wěn)壓電路的設計;軟件部分主要包括:系統(tǒng)配置、信號采集、數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸和命令控制程序設計。再次,為實現(xiàn)可視化智能控制,本設計選用一款工業(yè)級智能液晶觸摸屏作為上位機,針對機床主軸的特點,開發(fā)了單面和雙面動平衡測試系統(tǒng),主要包括:多個測試界面的開發(fā)、控制算法和邏輯運算的設計。最后,對設計的多個模塊進行精確度和可靠性驗證實驗,并進行整機動平衡實驗,驗證設計的設備的可行性、穩(wěn)定性和準靠性。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the vibration problem of machine tool spindle, a multifunctional machine tool spindle field dynamic balance instrument is developed based on embedded system. The spindle of machine tool plays an important role in the rotating machining of machine tool, but it usually has the problems of uneven mass distribution, deviation from design value and assembly gap in many links, such as material selection, structure design, manufacturing process and assembly. These factors will produce inertial centrifugal force and centrifugal couple, which will make the rotor vibrate in the process of rotation. Therefore, in order to ensure the machining accuracy of the machine tool and prolong the service life of the bearing and spindle, the dynamic balance adjustment of the spindle should be carried out before installation and in the process of use. Firstly, this paper introduces the theory of static balance and dynamic balance, and establishes the mechanical model of vibration system according to the static and dynamic unbalanced vibration characteristics of rigid rotor, and analyzes the characteristics of rotor vibration and the characteristics of vibration signal caused by imbalance. Secondly, in order to measure the vibration signal and speed of the rotor, the piezoelectric acceleration sensor and the reflective photoelectric sensor are selected in this design, and the selection of the sensor and the reasonable installation of the sensor are described. Because the signal directly output from the sensor contains other frequency clutter signal, in order to filter out the clutter interference signal, the signal conditioning circuit is designed, which mainly includes: the first order amplifier high pass filter circuit, the second order low pass filter circuit, the automatic tracking filter circuit, after the vibration signal is filtered, the output vibration signal is sometimes too small, in order to improve the signal to noise ratio, the program control amplifier circuit is designed. In order to make the amplified vibration signal voltage in the range of A 鈮，

本文編號：2503967