【摘要】：本課題為解決機(jī)床主軸振動(dòng)問題,以嵌入式系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ),研發(fā)了一種多功能機(jī)床主軸現(xiàn)場動(dòng)平衡儀。機(jī)床主軸在機(jī)床旋轉(zhuǎn)加工中具有至關(guān)重要的作用,但其在加工材料選擇、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、制造工藝和裝配等多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),通常會(huì)存在質(zhì)量分布的不均勻、偏離設(shè)計(jì)值和裝配間隙等問題。這些因素會(huì)產(chǎn)生慣性離心力和離心力偶,使得轉(zhuǎn)子在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)過程中產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)。所以,為了確保機(jī)床的機(jī)械加工精度、延長軸承和主軸的使用壽命,在安裝前以及使用過程中都要進(jìn)行主軸動(dòng)平衡調(diào)整。首先,本文介紹了靜平衡和動(dòng)平衡理論,并針對(duì)剛性轉(zhuǎn)子的靜不平衡和動(dòng)不平衡振動(dòng)特性,建立振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的力學(xué)模型,分析了轉(zhuǎn)子振動(dòng)時(shí)的特性和由不平衡引起的振動(dòng)信號(hào)的特點(diǎn)。其次,為測量轉(zhuǎn)子振動(dòng)信號(hào)和轉(zhuǎn)速,本設(shè)計(jì)選用壓電式加速度傳感器和反射式光電傳感器,并對(duì)傳感器的選擇和傳感器的合理安裝進(jìn)行了敘述;由于從傳感器直接輸出的信號(hào)含有其他頻率的雜波信號(hào),為了濾除雜波干擾信號(hào),設(shè)計(jì)了信號(hào)調(diào)理電路,主要包括:一階放大高通濾波電路、二階低通濾波電路、自動(dòng)跟蹤濾波電路;振動(dòng)信號(hào)經(jīng)濾波后,輸出的振動(dòng)信號(hào)有時(shí)太小,為提高信噪比,設(shè)計(jì)了程序控制放大電路;為使放大后的振動(dòng)信號(hào)電壓在A/D輸入量程范圍,進(jìn)行了電平轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計(jì)。經(jīng)電平轉(zhuǎn)換后,為實(shí)現(xiàn)模擬信號(hào)到數(shù)字信號(hào)的轉(zhuǎn)換,設(shè)計(jì)了以嵌入式芯片STM32F103C8為核心的信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng),包括硬件和軟件兩方面;硬件部分包括:供電及晶振電路、復(fù)位電路和系統(tǒng)供電穩(wěn)壓電路的設(shè)計(jì);軟件部分主要包括:系統(tǒng)配置、信號(hào)采集、數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸和命令控制程序設(shè)計(jì)。再次,為實(shí)現(xiàn)可視化智能控制,本設(shè)計(jì)選用一款工業(yè)級(jí)智能液晶觸摸屏作為上位機(jī),針對(duì)機(jī)床主軸的特點(diǎn),開發(fā)了單面和雙面動(dòng)平衡測試系統(tǒng),主要包括:多個(gè)測試界面的開發(fā)、控制算法和邏輯運(yùn)算的設(shè)計(jì)。最后,對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的多個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行精確度和可靠性驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn),并進(jìn)行整機(jī)動(dòng)平衡實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)備的可行性、穩(wěn)定性和準(zhǔn)靠性。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the vibration problem of machine tool spindle, a multifunctional machine tool spindle field dynamic balance instrument is developed based on embedded system. The spindle of machine tool plays an important role in the rotating machining of machine tool, but it usually has the problems of uneven mass distribution, deviation from design value and assembly gap in many links, such as material selection, structure design, manufacturing process and assembly. These factors will produce inertial centrifugal force and centrifugal couple, which will make the rotor vibrate in the process of rotation. Therefore, in order to ensure the machining accuracy of the machine tool and prolong the service life of the bearing and spindle, the dynamic balance adjustment of the spindle should be carried out before installation and in the process of use. Firstly, this paper introduces the theory of static balance and dynamic balance, and establishes the mechanical model of vibration system according to the static and dynamic unbalanced vibration characteristics of rigid rotor, and analyzes the characteristics of rotor vibration and the characteristics of vibration signal caused by imbalance. Secondly, in order to measure the vibration signal and speed of the rotor, the piezoelectric acceleration sensor and the reflective photoelectric sensor are selected in this design, and the selection of the sensor and the reasonable installation of the sensor are described. Because the signal directly output from the sensor contains other frequency clutter signal, in order to filter out the clutter interference signal, the signal conditioning circuit is designed, which mainly includes: the first order amplifier high pass filter circuit, the second order low pass filter circuit, the automatic tracking filter circuit, after the vibration signal is filtered, the output vibration signal is sometimes too small, in order to improve the signal to noise ratio, the program control amplifier circuit is designed. In order to make the amplified vibration signal voltage in the range of A 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2503967