【摘要】：H13(4Cr5MoSi V1)鋼具有較好的綜合性能,適用于制造精鍛模、熱擠壓模、芯棒以及壓鑄模。多數(shù)模具的失效首先是從表面開(kāi)始的,因而,采取恰當(dāng)?shù)姆绞礁纳票砻娼M織、提高表面性能,可以有效的提高模具的使用壽命。本文采用5 kW連續(xù)CO2激光器在H13模具鋼表面制備激光熔凝強(qiáng)化層和激光熔覆Co基、Ni基復(fù)合涂層。分別在H13鋼表面熔覆Stellite-6、St6+5%WC、St6+5%WC+1%RE、St6+2.5%WC+1%RE、St6+7.5%WC+1%RE、St6+10%WC+1%RE鈷基合金,制得顯微組織均勻細(xì)小的鈷基復(fù)合熔覆層。激光熔覆的鎳基復(fù)合熔覆層包括Ni45、Ni45+5%WC、Ni45+5%WC+1%RE和Ni60AA、Ni60AA+5%WC、Ni60AA+5%WC+1%RE。采用光學(xué)顯微鏡、掃描電子顯微鏡、X射線衍射儀及透射電子顯微鏡對(duì)熔凝硬化層和熔覆層的顯微組織、元素分布及相組成進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究;采用顯微硬度計(jì)、磨損試驗(yàn)機(jī)研究了熔覆層的顯微硬度和磨損性能。結(jié)果表明:(1)H13鋼激光熔凝后的組織,由表層至次表層依次是垂直于激光掃描方向的樹(shù)枝晶、胞狀晶和馬氏體組織及高溫回火區(qū),高溫回火區(qū)的馬氏體組織粗大,且殘余奧氏體的含量減少。激光熔凝后,除原始組織中的相,沒(méi)有新相生成。激光熔凝后的顯微硬化層深度約1.1mm,最高硬度746HV0.2。硬化層的耐磨性相對(duì)調(diào)質(zhì)處理后的H13鋼的耐磨性有較大程度的提高。(2)鈷基激光熔覆層與基體為冶金結(jié)合,各熔覆層的基體相組織為γ-Co,增強(qiáng)相組織均包括(Mn,Cr)7C3、Cr23C6、Co CX等相,加入WC后,熔覆層的增強(qiáng)相中增加了Co6W6C、WC、WC1-X相;稀土元素的加入有效控制了裂紋的生成,宏觀形貌良好。熔覆層顯微硬度為560 HV0.2~710 HV0.2;摩擦磨損試驗(yàn)表明,在相同條件下,耐磨性能由高到低依次是St6+7.5%WC+1%RE、St6+5%WC+1%RE、St6+2.5%WC+1%RE、St6、St6+10%WC+1%RE、H13鋼。(3)Ni45基熔覆層的主要相組成為均勻細(xì)小的γ-Ni與枝晶間的Fe Ni3、C6(Cr,Co,Ni)23、Mn23C6等相組成的共晶組織。Ni45基熔覆層的顯微硬度為525HV0.2~550HV0.2,熔覆層的耐磨性相對(duì)H13鋼基體有較大程度的提高,尤其是在高載荷下熔覆層的磨損機(jī)制主要是磨粒磨損和剝層磨損,并未出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重磨損。加入WC后耐磨性的提高尤為明顯。(4)Ni60AA基熔覆層的微觀組織為γ-Ni固溶體基體上均勻分布著超細(xì)網(wǎng)狀共晶組織。熔覆層有較強(qiáng)的裂紋敏感性,加入稀土元素后裂紋、氣孔等缺陷有一定程度減少。Ni60AA基熔覆層的硬度和耐磨性較基體都有很大程度提高。Ni60AA熔覆層的顯微硬度為750HV0.2~800HV0.2,約為H13鋼基體的1.78倍,Ni60+5%WC、Ni60+5%WC+1%RE熔覆層的顯微硬度為800HV0.2~900HV0.2,約為基體硬度的兩倍。
[Abstract]:H13 (4Cr5MoSi V1) steel has good comprehensive properties and is suitable for manufacturing precision forging die, hot extrusion die, mandrel and die casting die. The failure of most dies begins from the surface first. Therefore, the service life of the die can be effectively improved by adopting appropriate ways to improve the surface structure and surface properties. In this paper, laser melting strengthening layer and laser cladding Co based, Ni based composite coating were prepared on the surface of H13 die steel by 5 kW continuous CO2 laser. Stat-6, St6 5%WC 1% RE, St6 2.5%WC 1% RE, St6 7.5%WC 1% RE, St6 10%WC 1%RE cobalt base alloy were deposited on the surface of H13 steel, respectively, and the cobalt base composite coating with uniform microstructure was prepared by coating Stat-6, St6 and 1% RE, St6 7.5%WC 1% RE, St6 Co-base cobalt-based alloy with uniform microstructure and fine microstructure on the surface of H13 steel. The nickel-based composite coatings coated by laser include Ni45,Ni45 5% WC, Ni45 5%WC 1%RE and Ni60AA,Ni60AA 5% WCand Ni60AA 5%WC 1% re. The microstructure, element distribution and phase composition of melting hardening layer and coating layer were systematically studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope. The microhardness and wear properties of the coating were studied by means of microhardness tester and wear tester. The results show that: (1) the microstructure of H13 steel after laser melting is dendritic, cellular and martensite structure perpendicular to the direction of laser scanning from the surface to the subsurface, and the martensite structure in the high temperature tempering zone is coarse. And the content of retained Austenite decreases. After laser melting, no new phase is formed except the phase in the original structure. The depth of microhardened layer after laser melting is about 1.1 mm, and the highest hardness is 746HV0.2. The wear resistance of hardened layer is much higher than that of H13 steel treated by quenching and tempering. (2) Cobalt based laser cladding layer is metallurgical bonded with matrix, and the matrix phase structure of each coating layer is gamma-Co, enhanced phase structure, including (Mn,). The wear resistance of hardened layer is greatly improved compared with that of H13 steel treated by quenching and tempering. (2) Cobalt based laser coating layer is metallurgical bonded to matrix. Cr) 7C3, Cr23C6, Co CX and so on. After adding WC, the Co6W6C,WC,WC1-X phase was added to the reinforced phase of the coating layer. The addition of rare earth elements effectively controls the formation of cracks, and the macroscopic morphology is good. The microhardness of the coating is 56 HV0.2~710 HV0.2;. The friction and wear tests show that under the same conditions, the wear resistance from high to low is St6 7.5%WC 1% RE, St6 5%WC 1% RE, St6 2.5%WC 1% RE, St6, St6 10%WC 1% RE. H13 steel. (3) the main phase composition of Ni45 based coating is uniform and fine Fe Ni3,C6 (Cr,Co,Ni) 23, Mn23C6 and so on. The microhardness of Ni45 based coating layer is 525HV0.2 and 550HV0.2. the microhardness of Ni45 based coating layer is 525HV0.2 and 550HV0.2, and the microhardness of Ni45 based coating layer is 525HV0.2 and 550HV0.2, the microhardness of Ni45 based coating layer is 525HV0.2 and 550HV0.2, The wear resistance of the coating layer is much higher than that of H13 steel matrix, especially under high load, the wear mechanism of the coating layer is mainly abrasive wear and peeling wear, and there is no serious wear. The wear resistance of Ni60AA based coating layer was improved especially after adding WC. (4) the microstructure of Ni60AA based coating layer was uniform distribution of ultra-fine reticulated eutectic structure on the matrix of 緯-Ni solid solution. The hardness and wear resistance of Ni60AA based coating are much higher than those of matrix. The microhardness of Ni60AA coating is 750HV0.2 and 800HV0.2, and the hardness and wear resistance of Ni60AA based coating are 750HV0.2 and 800HV0.2. the hardness and wear resistance of Ni60AA based coating are 750HV0.2 and 800HV0.2. the hardness and wear resistance of Ni60AA coating are 750HV0.2 and 800HV0.2, respectively. The microhardness of Ni60 5%WC 1%RE coating is about 1.78 times of that of H13 steel matrix, and the microhardness of Ni60 5%WC 1%RE coating is about 800HV0.2 and 900HV0.2, which is about twice the hardness of H13 steel matrix.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG174.4

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