【摘要】：自由曲面光學(xué)元件具有優(yōu)良的光學(xué)性能,能有效簡化結(jié)構(gòu),提高光學(xué)系統(tǒng)可靠性,在測(cè)量、航天、軍事等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的需求。隨著光學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,光學(xué)自由曲面需要更高的輪廓精度和表面質(zhì)量,而傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控加工技術(shù)已無法滿足精密零部件和精密光學(xué)的需求。為了提高精密加工的效率和質(zhì)量,研究高精度的光學(xué)自由曲面加工方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)高性能的精密數(shù)控系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備勢(shì)在必行。本課題基于五軸自由曲面機(jī)床的機(jī)械平臺(tái),圍繞多軸精密數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的軟硬件架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、設(shè)備通信、I/O管理、大型程序處理和控制以及精密數(shù)控程序自動(dòng)生成等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究和開發(fā)。針對(duì)系統(tǒng)硬件架構(gòu),分析了精密自由曲面的加工要求和機(jī)床平臺(tái)的特性,采用主從結(jié)構(gòu),分別為工控機(jī)、順序控制模塊、運(yùn)動(dòng)控制模塊和控制面板進(jìn)行選型和設(shè)計(jì)。針對(duì)系統(tǒng)軟件架構(gòu),分別從系統(tǒng)組織結(jié)構(gòu)、設(shè)計(jì)元素、任務(wù)管理策略、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)方案和人機(jī)界面五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究,并基于線程控制,提出了一種采用事件隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)任務(wù)管理的策略。同時(shí),通過動(dòng)態(tài)綁定的機(jī)制,實(shí)現(xiàn)人機(jī)界面的管理。針對(duì)PLC的通信協(xié)議以及其半雙工通信方式的特點(diǎn),開發(fā)出相應(yīng)的通信程序。根據(jù)控制面板的實(shí)際工作特點(diǎn)和漢明碼的編碼譯碼原理,制定了相應(yīng)的通信協(xié)議和通信機(jī)制。同時(shí),提出了一種分配管理器集中控制方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)I/0的分配管理和控制。針對(duì)內(nèi)存不足導(dǎo)致大型數(shù)控程序難以顯示和編輯的問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種三頁切換機(jī)制,并將其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,突破內(nèi)存瓶頸。同時(shí),提出了預(yù)加載和模塊化方案,利用A3200軟運(yùn)動(dòng)控制器的程序控制函數(shù)庫實(shí)現(xiàn)大型加工程序的控制,并對(duì)兩種方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析和比較。通過對(duì)等間距、等弦長和等誤差直線逼近算法的分析,根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱非球面的數(shù)學(xué)模型,提出了逐點(diǎn)逼近法,實(shí)現(xiàn)旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱非球面的自動(dòng)編程。同時(shí),采取二分查找法,解決了NURBS曲線的反算問題,實(shí)現(xiàn)了逐點(diǎn)逼近法在NURBS曲線上的復(fù)用。針對(duì)NURBS曲線的特點(diǎn),提出了逐段逼近算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)NURBS曲線的等誤差逼近。通過對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱非球面和NURBS曲線進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了逐點(diǎn)逼近法和逐段逼近法的可行性。實(shí)際加工實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文研發(fā)的多軸精密數(shù)控系統(tǒng)性能穩(wěn)定,可實(shí)現(xiàn)精密數(shù)控加工。
[Abstract]:Free-form surface optical elements have excellent optical properties, can effectively simplify the structure, improve the reliability of optical systems, and have a wide range of needs in measurement, aerospace, military and other fields. With the development of optical technology, optical free-form surface needs higher outline accuracy and surface quality, but the traditional NC machining technology can not meet the needs of precision parts and precision optics. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of precision machining, it is imperative to study the high precision optical free-form surface machining method and realize the high performance precision numerical control system and equipment. Based on the mechanical platform of five-axis free-form surface machine tool, this paper focuses on the hardware and software architecture design, equipment communication and I / O management of multi-axis precision CNC system. The key technologies such as large program processing and control and automatic generation of precision NC program are studied and developed. According to the hardware architecture of the system, the machining requirements of precision free-form surface and the characteristics of machine tool platform are analyzed. The master-slave structure is used to select and design the industrial control computer, sequence control module, motion control module and control panel, respectively. Aiming at the system software architecture, the system organization structure, design elements, task management strategy, data storage scheme and man-machine interface are studied respectively, and based on thread control, In this paper, a strategy of task management based on event queue is proposed. At the same time, through the dynamic binding mechanism, the management of man-machine interface is realized. According to the communication protocol of PLC and the characteristics of its half-duplex communication mode, the corresponding communication program is developed. According to the actual working characteristics of the control panel and the coding and decoding principle of hamming code, the corresponding communication protocol and communication mechanism are established. At the same time, a centralized control method of allocation manager is proposed to realize the allocation management and control of I 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2486528