【摘要】：激光膠接點(diǎn)焊是一種融合了激光點(diǎn)焊與粘接連接各自優(yōu)點(diǎn)的薄板材料新型連接技術(shù),其連接接頭具有優(yōu)良的動/靜態(tài)承載能力以及密封特性。本文以1.5mm厚DP590汽車用鋼板為試驗(yàn)材料,借助高功率光纖激光器,研究激光膠接點(diǎn)焊的連接工藝,分析接頭的靜拉伸及疲勞性能。開展激光點(diǎn)焊和激光膠接點(diǎn)焊工藝的試驗(yàn)研究。以焊接功率、焊接時間、離焦量為變量,設(shè)計三因素三水平正交試驗(yàn),通過拉剪試驗(yàn)獲得不同焊接工藝條件下接頭的抗拉強(qiáng)度。結(jié)果表明:激光點(diǎn)焊接頭的最優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)組合為,焊接功率1800 W,焊接時間200 ms,離焦量+3 mm;激光膠接點(diǎn)焊的最優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)組合為,焊接功率1400 W,焊接時間1000 ms,離焦量+3 mm。采用AUTODYN軟件建立了激光膠接點(diǎn)焊接頭的有限元模型,分析膠層受熱氣化后對焊接熔池的沖擊效應(yīng)。隨著粘彈性衰減系數(shù)的增大,即膠體粘度下降,膠層檢測點(diǎn)壓力歷程曲線中壓力最大值呈現(xiàn)增大的趨勢,焊點(diǎn)處表面依次出現(xiàn)穿孔、結(jié)瘤、平整等焊接現(xiàn)象,仿真結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)表征的現(xiàn)象相符,證實(shí)了膠體粘度對焊接工藝及接頭質(zhì)量的影響。運(yùn)用極差分析和方差分析,探究了焊接功率、焊接時間和離焦量對不同焊接接頭峰值載荷、峰值位移及能量吸收值的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:激光點(diǎn)焊試驗(yàn)中,焊接時間對接頭各項(xiàng)力學(xué)性能指標(biāo)的影響最大,焊接功率次之,離焦量的影響最小;激光膠接點(diǎn)焊試驗(yàn)中,焊接功率對接頭各項(xiàng)力學(xué)性能指標(biāo)影響最大,焊接時間次之,離焦量的影響最小。借助疲勞實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī),在拉剪頻率10 Hz,載荷比0.1條件下分別對激光點(diǎn)焊、激光膠接點(diǎn)焊和粘接三種接頭進(jìn)行疲勞性能測試。通過數(shù)據(jù)擬合獲得了三種接頭的載荷—壽命曲線,結(jié)果表明:激光膠接點(diǎn)焊接頭的疲勞性能最好,粘接接頭次之,激光點(diǎn)焊接頭的疲勞性能最差。采用掃描電子顯微鏡對激光點(diǎn)焊接頭和激光膠接點(diǎn)焊接頭進(jìn)行斷口分析,結(jié)果表明:激光點(diǎn)焊接頭的拉伸斷口表現(xiàn)為韌性斷裂,激光膠接點(diǎn)焊接頭的拉伸斷口表現(xiàn)為韌性斷裂和脆性斷裂;兩種接頭的疲勞斷口均表現(xiàn)為脆性斷裂。運(yùn)用超聲波掃描顯微鏡對焊接接頭進(jìn)行無損檢測,獲取不同焊接工藝條件下接頭的超聲波C掃描圖像,提取不同位置處的超聲波A掃描信號,并根據(jù)超聲波A掃描信號變化特征對超聲波C掃描圖像進(jìn)行分區(qū),激光點(diǎn)焊接頭C掃描圖像分為:焊核區(qū)、熱影響區(qū)和母材區(qū),激光膠接點(diǎn)焊接頭分為:焊核區(qū)、熱影響區(qū)氣化層區(qū)和膠層區(qū)。借助超聲波C掃描圖像灰度值的變化特征測得了焊核直徑,激光點(diǎn)焊接頭焊核直徑變化范圍0.66 mm-2.73 mm,激光膠接點(diǎn)焊接頭焊核直徑變化范圍 1.23 mm-2.51 mm。
[Abstract]:Laser bonded spot welding is a new connecting technology of thin plate material, which combines the advantages of laser spot welding and bonding connection. the joint has excellent dynamic / static bearing capacity and sealing characteristics. In this paper, 1.5mm thick DP590 automobile steel plate is used as experimental material, with the help of high power fiber laser, the bonding technology of laser bonding spot welding is studied, and the static tensile and fatigue properties of the joint are analyzed. The experimental research on laser spot welding and laser bonding spot welding is carried out. Taking welding power, welding time and defocusing amount as variables, the orthogonal test of three factors and three levels is designed, and the tensile strength of the joint under different welding conditions is obtained by tensile shear test. The results show that the optimum process parameters of laser spot welding joint are as follows: welding power 1800 W, welding time 200 ms, defocus 3 mm; The optimum process parameters of laser bonding spot welding are as follows: welding power 1400 W, welding time 1000 ms, defocus 3 mm. The finite element model of laser bonding joint is established by AUTODYN software, and the impact effect of adhesive layer on welding pool after heating and gasification is analyzed. With the increase of Viscoelastic attenuation coefficient, that is, the colloid viscosity decreases, the maximum pressure value in the pressure history curve of the testing point of the adhesive layer tends to increase, and the welding phenomena such as perforation, nodulation and leveling appear on the surface of the welding point in turn. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the effect of colloid viscosity on welding process and joint quality is confirmed. The effects of welding power, welding time and defocusing amount on the peak load, peak displacement and energy absorption of different welded joints were investigated by means of range analysis and variance analysis. The test results show that in the laser spot welding test, the welding time has the greatest influence on the mechanical properties of the joint, the welding power is the second, and the defocusing amount has the least effect. In the laser bonding spot welding test, the welding power has the greatest influence on the mechanical properties of the joint, the welding time is the second, and the defocusing amount has the least effect. With the help of fatigue test machine, the fatigue properties of laser spot welding, laser adhesive spot welding and bonding were tested under the condition of 10 Hz, load ratio of tension and shear frequency. The load-life curves of three kinds of joints are obtained by data fitting. The results show that the fatigue properties of laser bonded joint are the best, the bonded joint is the second, and the fatigue property of laser spot welded joint is the worst. The fracture surface of laser spot welding joint and laser bonded spot welding joint is analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the tensile fracture of laser spot welding joint is ductile fracture. The tensile fracture of laser bonded joint is ductile fracture and brittle fracture. The fatigue fracture of the two kinds of joints is brittle fracture. Ultrasonic scanning microscope is used to detect the welded joints, and the ultrasonic C scanning images of the joints under different welding conditions are obtained, and the ultrasonic A scanning signals at different positions are extracted. According to the change characteristics of ultrasonic A scanning signal, the ultrasonic C scanning image is divided into: welding core zone, heat affected zone and base metal zone, laser bonding joint is divided into: welding core zone, laser spot welding joint C scanning image is divided into: welding core zone, heat affected zone and base metal zone. Heat affected zone Gasification layer area and rubber layer area. With the help of the variation characteristics of gray value of ultrasonic C scan image, the welding core diameter of laser spot welding joint is measured. The change range of laser spot welding joint welding core diameter is 0.66 mm-2.73 mm, and the change range of laser bonding joint welding core diameter is 1.23 mm-2.51 mm..
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG456.6

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