【摘要】：鋁合金拋光技術(shù)可以提高鋁制品表面光潔度、平整度及裝飾效果,對提高鋁制品附加值具有重要作用。本文闡述了相關(guān)拋光技術(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)堿性化學(xué)拋光作為一種拋光方法,具有成本投入低、無污染、操作及拋光液后處理簡單等特點(diǎn),是符合環(huán)保理念的拋光技術(shù),具有較高的深入研究價(jià)值。在廣泛查閱堿性化學(xué)拋光方面文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,論文針對堿性化學(xué)拋光的時(shí)間與溫度選擇、拋光液成分含量優(yōu)化以及鈍化后處理進(jìn)行了大量試驗(yàn)。主要的研究結(jié)果如下:(1)以6061#與5052#鋁合金板為試驗(yàn)基板,考察了溫度與時(shí)間對拋光效果的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:試驗(yàn)所選鋁板可以在拋光溫度為50~65oC,時(shí)間10~30s的條件下,得到較高的光澤度;隨著溫度的升高和時(shí)間的增加,鋁板的失重逐漸增加。(2)選取拋光配方中各組分對6061#鋁合金拋光效果的影響,進(jìn)行了多組試驗(yàn),考察氫氧化鈉、硝酸鈉、硅酸鈉和氟化鉀的影響。根據(jù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知,在試驗(yàn)所設(shè)條件下,拋光效果較佳的組分濃度為:氫氧化鈉250 g/L,硝酸鈉150 g/L,硅酸鈉15 g/L,氟化鉀13 g/L。選用鉬酸銨、硫脲、乙二胺四乙酸、六次甲基四胺作為緩蝕劑,硫酸鋅、氯化鎳與硫酸銅作為金屬鹽,十二烷基苯磺酸鈉與檸檬酸鈉作為表面活性劑,研究添加劑的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,緩蝕劑可以使拋光效果提高,其中拋光液中加入鉬酸銨濃度為40 g/L,綜合效果較好;金屬鹽可以提高鋁合金光澤度,但會使失重加重;十二烷基苯磺酸鈉與檸檬酸鈉均能提高鋁制品的光澤度,降低失重,但是效果略差于緩蝕劑。同時(shí),5052#鋁板拋光試驗(yàn)效果要差于6061#鋁板。采用正交試驗(yàn)法分析添加劑對拋光效果的影響程度,發(fā)現(xiàn)鉬酸銨的影響顯著。通過所選拋光液的持續(xù)拋光試驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)1升拋光液能拋光的鋁合金面積約為45 dm2。(3)對拋光后的鋁合金進(jìn)行了鈍化處理,發(fā)現(xiàn)稀土鈍化方法的鈍化效果明顯強(qiáng)于鋯鈦鈍化,鈍化膜也更為明顯。最優(yōu)化的稀土鈍化液的配方與工藝條件為硝酸鈰15.0g/L,高錳酸鉀4.0g/L,硝酸鈉1.2g/L鈍化時(shí)間15~25min,鈍化溫度30~40℃。
[Abstract]:Aluminum alloy polishing technology can improve the surface finish, flatness and decoration effect of aluminum products, and play an important role in increasing the added value of aluminum products. This paper describes the relative polishing technology, and finds that alkaline chemical polishing, as a polishing method, has the characteristics of low cost, no pollution, simple operation and post-treatment of polishing liquid and so on. It is a polishing technology which accords with the environmental protection concept. It has high in-depth research value. On the basis of extensive references on alkaline chemical polishing, a large number of experiments were carried out on the selection of time and temperature for alkaline chemical polishing, the optimization of polishing solution content and the passivation post-treatment. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of temperature and time on polishing effect were investigated with 6061 # and 5052 # aluminum alloy plates as test substrates. The experimental results show that the high gloss of aluminum plate can be obtained under the condition of polishing temperature of 50 擄C and time of 10? 30 s. With the increase of temperature and time, the weight loss of aluminum plate gradually increased. (2) the influence of various components in polishing formula on polishing effect of 6061 # aluminum alloy was studied in a number of experiments, and sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate were investigated. Effect of sodium silicate and potassium fluoride. According to the experimental results, it can be concluded that the optimum concentration of polishing effect is as follows: sodium hydroxide 250 g / L, sodium nitrate 150 g / L, sodium silicate 15 g / L, potassium fluoride 13 g / L, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide 250 g / L, sodium nitrate 150 g / L, sodium silicate 15 g / L. Ammonium molybdate, thiourea, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, hexamethylenetetramine as corrosion inhibitor, zinc sulfate, nickel chloride and copper sulfate as metal salt, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium citrate as surfactants were used to study the effect of additives. The experimental results show that the corrosion inhibitor can improve the polishing effect, in which the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 40 g / L in the polishing solution, the comprehensive effect is better, the metallic salt can improve the gloss of aluminum alloy, but it will aggravate the weight loss. Both sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate and sodium citrate can improve the gloss of aluminum products and reduce the weight loss, but the effect is slightly worse than that of the corrosion inhibitor. At the same time, the polishing effect of 5052 # aluminum plate is worse than that of 6061 # aluminum plate. The influence degree of additive on polishing effect was analyzed by orthogonal test, and it was found that the influence of ammonium molybdate was remarkable. Through the continuous polishing experiment of the selected polishing solution, it is found that the area of aluminum alloy which can be polished by 1 liter polishing fluid is about 45 dm2. (3). The passivation effect of rare earth passivation method is better than that of zirconium and titanium passivation, and the passivation effect of rare earth passivation method is better than that of zirconium and titanium passivation. The passivation film is also more obvious. The optimized formula and technological conditions of rare earth passivation solution are cerium nitrate 15.0 g / L, potassium permanganate 4.0 g / L, sodium nitrate 1.2g/L passivation time 15? 25 min and passivation temperature 30? 40 鈩，

本文編號：2458279