發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-14 17:28

【摘要】：對(duì)于重型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),活塞在工作過程中由于受到側(cè)壓力、高溫、高負(fù)荷等作用,產(chǎn)生膨脹變形。為了改善活塞與缸壁間的配合間隙,大功率活塞外圓截面設(shè)計(jì)為大橢圓度組合型線,復(fù)雜的外形和高頻響高精度要求大大增加了外圓型面的加工難度,也提高了對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)高實(shí)時(shí)性的控制需求。目前廣泛采用的加工方式是基于PC的全數(shù)控車床。制約大橢圓度高速車削的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)主要包括:(1)基于加速度最小沖擊條件下組合橢圓軌跡規(guī)劃;(2)高頻響刀架驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)PID智能自整定技術(shù)。本文主要針對(duì)適用于大橢圓度高速車削的直線伺服刀架系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行加工軌跡優(yōu)化和控制技術(shù)研究,以提高伺服刀架系統(tǒng)的快速跟蹤性能,減小加工誤差,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)對(duì)活塞外圓的型面特征及數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行分析概括,指出了截面為組合型線的大橢圓度外圓現(xiàn)有設(shè)計(jì)方法的不足,提出了三種基于極小沖擊的型線重構(gòu)優(yōu)化方法,通過MATLAB從理論上分析其合理性。(2)為了提高系統(tǒng)的快速響應(yīng)能力,避免因系統(tǒng)反饋滯后等因素對(duì)加工精度造成的不良影響,基于前饋思想,在直線伺服刀架三環(huán)控制中加入加速度前饋對(duì)誤差進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償,并通過仿真驗(yàn)證了其可行性。(3)設(shè)計(jì)了一種模糊自適應(yīng)PID控制器,將傳統(tǒng)的PID控制與智能控制算法中的模糊控制進(jìn)行結(jié)合,實(shí)現(xiàn)了直線伺服刀架三環(huán)控制中位置環(huán)和速度環(huán)參數(shù)的自整定,并將其與傳統(tǒng)的PID控制方式進(jìn)行對(duì)比。(4)介紹了適用于大橢圓車削加工的直線伺服刀架系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)動(dòng)控制方式;通過空載加工實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了電流環(huán)的加速度前饋補(bǔ)償有利于提高系統(tǒng)的快速響應(yīng)能力;通過實(shí)際車削實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了刪除型值點(diǎn)重構(gòu)優(yōu)化型線能有效減小沖擊,提高加工精度,證明了研究?jī)?nèi)容具有實(shí)際應(yīng)用意義。
[Abstract]:For heavy-duty engine, the piston is subjected to side pressure, high temperature, high load and so on in the process of working, resulting in expansion deformation. In order to improve the fitting clearance between piston and cylinder wall, the outer circle section of high power piston is designed as a large ellipticity composite line. The complicated shape and high precision requirements of high frequency response greatly increase the machining difficulty of the outer circular surface. It also improves the real-time control requirements of the control system. At present, the widely used machining method is the full digital control lathe based on PC. The key technologies for high-speed turning with high ellipticity include: (1) combined elliptic trajectory planning based on minimum acceleration impact and (2) PID intelligent self-tuning technology for high-frequency loudspeaker drive system. In this paper, the machining trajectory optimization and control technology for linear servo tool holder system suitable for high-speed turning with high ellipticity are studied in order to improve the fast tracking performance of servo tool holder system and reduce the machining error. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the characteristics and mathematical models of the piston outer circle are analyzed and summarized, and the shortcomings of the existing design methods for the large ellipticity outer circle with the section of the composite profile are pointed out. Three optimization methods of profile reconstruction based on minimal impact are proposed, and their rationality is analyzed theoretically by MATLAB. (2) in order to improve the quick response ability of the system and avoid the adverse effect on machining accuracy caused by the feedback lag of the system and so on, the optimization method of profile reconstruction based on minimal impact is proposed. Based on the feed-forward idea, acceleration feedforward is added to the three-loop control of linear servo tool holder to compensate the error, and its feasibility is verified by simulation. (3) A fuzzy adaptive PID controller is designed. Combining the traditional PID control with the fuzzy control in the intelligent control algorithm, the self-adjusting parameters of the position loop and the velocity loop in the three-loop control of the linear servo tool holder are realized. It is compared with the traditional PID control mode. (4) the hardware structure and motion control mode of the linear servo tool holder system suitable for large ellipse turning are introduced. Through no-load machining experiments, it is verified that the acceleration feedforward compensation of the current loop is beneficial to improve the fast response ability of the system. Through the actual turning experiment, it is proved that the deleted point reconstruction optimization line can effectively reduce the impact and improve the machining accuracy. It is proved that the research content has practical application significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG519.1

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