幾種常用鋼材的光譜發(fā)射率特性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-12 22:48
【摘要】：鋼是一種最基本的金屬材料,在許多領(lǐng)域都有著廣泛應(yīng)用。在鋼的生產(chǎn)和加工過(guò)程中,溫度的準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量至關(guān)重要。因?yàn)闇?zhǔn)確的溫度測(cè)量不僅會(huì)影響到鋼的品質(zhì)和特性,而且還關(guān)系到能耗的高低。在多數(shù)的測(cè)溫場(chǎng)合,傳統(tǒng)的接觸法測(cè)溫?zé)o法湊效。目前,輻射測(cè)溫技術(shù)已在金屬冶煉和加工取得了廣泛的應(yīng)用。而輻射測(cè)溫技術(shù)面臨的一個(gè)難題就是材料發(fā)射率的不確定性。在工業(yè)過(guò)程中,由于受溫度、氧化等因素的影響,材料的發(fā)射率往往是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的變量,這已經(jīng)成為制約輻射測(cè)溫技術(shù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)難題。鋼的種類眾多,其光譜發(fā)射率特性也不相同。本文利用基于傅里葉紅外光譜儀的光譜發(fā)射率測(cè)量裝置和一套反射式光譜發(fā)射率測(cè)量裝置測(cè)量了五種常用的鋼在不同狀況下的光譜發(fā)射率,研究了表面粗糙度,合金成分以及氧化進(jìn)程等因素對(duì)鋼光譜發(fā)射率的影響。論文第一章介紹了鋼材發(fā)射率的特點(diǎn)以及目前面臨的問(wèn)題,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)和分析,闡述了論文的三個(gè)研究?jī)?nèi)容。文章第二章首先簡(jiǎn)單介紹了能量對(duì)比法光譜發(fā)射率測(cè)量的基本理論知識(shí),并對(duì)課題組搭建的基于傅立葉紅外光譜儀的光譜發(fā)射率測(cè)量裝置的主要組成部分、測(cè)量方法進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹,對(duì)測(cè)量裝置的背景輻射和響應(yīng)系數(shù)進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。論文第三章通過(guò)對(duì)比測(cè)量六種表面處理的E235B鋼氧化前后在2-15?m的光譜發(fā)射率,研究了表面粗糙度對(duì)鋼在氧化前后發(fā)射率特性的影響。研究表明:表面粗糙度是影響鋼光譜發(fā)射率的一個(gè)主要因素,光學(xué)粗糙度的確可以作為評(píng)估表面形貌對(duì)光譜發(fā)射率影響的一個(gè)參數(shù),但用單一的粗糙度參數(shù)并不能完全地描述表面形貌對(duì)發(fā)射率的影響。氧化后鋼樣品的表面形貌發(fā)生了一些變化,表面粗糙度相比氧化前變大,光譜發(fā)射率也明顯增大。光譜發(fā)射率曲線出現(xiàn)了明顯的震蕩,利用薄膜干涉理論可以解釋這種現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。論文第四章通過(guò)對(duì)低碳鋼310,中碳鋼45#和高碳鋼T10在氧化前后光譜發(fā)射率的測(cè)量,探究了合金成分對(duì)鋼氧化前后發(fā)射率特性的影響,結(jié)果表明:合金成份會(huì)對(duì)鋼的發(fā)射率產(chǎn)生不同程度的影響,并且這種影響在氧化前后是不同的。對(duì)于未氧化的鋼,碳含量越高,光譜發(fā)射率會(huì)越大,三種鋼的發(fā)射率相差不超過(guò)0.05。氧化后三種鋼的光譜發(fā)射率整體分布與氧化前大致一樣,但是光譜發(fā)射率值比氧化前大。因?yàn)殇摮煞种械腁l、Cr、Ni等成份會(huì)抑制鋼氧化膜的生長(zhǎng),使得45#鋼的光譜發(fā)射率值比310和T10鋼的略大。鋼表面顏色對(duì)光譜發(fā)射率也會(huì)有一定影響,氧化后310和T10鋼的表面由原來(lái)的銀白色變成了淡藍(lán)色,45#鋼變成了紫黃色。論文第五章利用一套反射式光譜發(fā)射率測(cè)量裝置實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)量了Q235A鋼從300K加熱到923K過(guò)程中在1.55?m處發(fā)射率的變化情況,探究了氧化進(jìn)程對(duì)鋼發(fā)射率的影響,結(jié)果表明氧化進(jìn)程對(duì)鋼發(fā)射率有著不可忽視的影響,Q235A鋼在加熱過(guò)程中發(fā)射率并不是一直增大的,而是會(huì)出現(xiàn)一定的波動(dòng),最后利用干涉理論粗略估算了波動(dòng)出現(xiàn)時(shí)鋼氧化層的厚度。本文旨在通過(guò)對(duì)影響鋼材光譜發(fā)射率各種因素的研究,總結(jié)出鋼材光譜發(fā)射率的一般規(guī)律,豐富鋼材的發(fā)射率數(shù)據(jù),從而推動(dòng)對(duì)不同狀況下鋼材的光譜發(fā)射率及其特性的進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:Steel is one of the most basic metallic materials, which is widely used in many fields. The accurate measurement of temperature is critical in the production and processing of steel. Because accurate temperature measurement can not only affect the quality and characteristics of the steel, but also the energy consumption. In most cases of temperature measurement, the traditional contact method can not be used to measure the temperature. At present, the radiation temperature measurement technology has been widely used in metal smelting and processing. The problem of radiation temperature measurement is the uncertainty of the emissivity of the material. In the industrial process, due to the influence of the factors such as temperature and oxidation, the emissivity of the material is often a complex variable, which has become a difficult problem to restrict the development of the radiation temperature measurement technology. There are many kinds of steel, and its spectral emissivity is not the same. In this paper, the spectral emissivity of five commonly used steels under different conditions is measured by a spectral emissivity measuring device based on a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a set of reflective spectral emissivity measuring devices, and the surface roughness is studied. The influence of the factors such as the composition of the alloy and the oxidation process on the emissivity of the steel. In the first chapter, the characteristics of the emissivity of steel and the problems at present are introduced in the first chapter, and the present situation of domestic and foreign research is summarized and analyzed, and the three research contents of the paper are described. In the second chapter, the basic theoretical knowledge of the measurement of the spectral emissivity of the energy contrast method is briefly introduced, and the main components and measurement methods of the spectral emissivity measuring device based on the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer are briefly introduced. The background radiation and response coefficient of the measuring device were tested. In the third chapter, the effect of surface roughness on the emissivity of steel before and after oxidation was studied by comparing the spectral emissivity of 2-15? m before and after the oxidation of the six surface-treated E235B steel. The results show that the surface roughness is one of the main factors that affect the emissivity of the steel, and the optical roughness can be used as a parameter to evaluate the effect of the surface topography on the spectral emissivity, but the influence of the surface morphology on the emissivity can not be fully described with a single roughness parameter. The surface morphology of the steel samples after oxidation has changed, and the surface roughness becomes larger than before oxidation, and the spectral emissivity is also obviously increased. The spectral emissivity curve shows an obvious oscillation, and this phenomenon can be explained by the film interference theory. In the fourth chapter, the influence of the alloy composition on the emissivity of the steel before and after oxidation was investigated by measuring the emissivity of the low-carbon steel 310, the medium carbon steel 45 # and the high-carbon steel T10 before and after the oxidation. The results show that the alloy composition can have different influence on the emissivity of the steel. and this effect is different before and after oxidation. For unoxidized steel, the higher the carbon content, the greater the spectral emissivity, and the difference in the emissivity of the three steels is not more than 0.05. The overall distribution of the spectral emissivity of the three steels after oxidation is the same as before the oxidation, but the value of the spectral emissivity is greater than before the oxidation. Because the components of Al, Cr, Ni in the steel component can inhibit the growth of the steel oxide film, the spectral emissivity of the 45 # steel is slightly larger than that of the steel of 310 and T10. The surface color of the steel has a certain effect on the spectral emissivity, and the surface of the oxidized 310 and T10 steel is changed from the original silver white to the light blue, and the 45 # steel becomes purple yellow. In the fifth chapter, the change of the emissivity of Q235A steel from 300K to 923K is measured in real time by a set of reflective spectral emissivity measuring devices, and the effect of the oxidation process on the emissivity of steel is investigated. The results show that the oxidation process has an unnegligible effect on the emissivity of steel. The emissivity of the Q235A steel in the heating process is not always increased, but a certain fluctuation occurs, and finally, the thickness of the steel oxide layer is roughly estimated by using the interference theory. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the general rule of the spectral emissivity of the steel and enrich the emissivity data of the steel, and to further study the spectral emissivity and the characteristics of the steel under different conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG142.1
本文編號(hào)：2420873
[Abstract]:Steel is one of the most basic metallic materials, which is widely used in many fields. The accurate measurement of temperature is critical in the production and processing of steel. Because accurate temperature measurement can not only affect the quality and characteristics of the steel, but also the energy consumption. In most cases of temperature measurement, the traditional contact method can not be used to measure the temperature. At present, the radiation temperature measurement technology has been widely used in metal smelting and processing. The problem of radiation temperature measurement is the uncertainty of the emissivity of the material. In the industrial process, due to the influence of the factors such as temperature and oxidation, the emissivity of the material is often a complex variable, which has become a difficult problem to restrict the development of the radiation temperature measurement technology. There are many kinds of steel, and its spectral emissivity is not the same. In this paper, the spectral emissivity of five commonly used steels under different conditions is measured by a spectral emissivity measuring device based on a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a set of reflective spectral emissivity measuring devices, and the surface roughness is studied. The influence of the factors such as the composition of the alloy and the oxidation process on the emissivity of the steel. In the first chapter, the characteristics of the emissivity of steel and the problems at present are introduced in the first chapter, and the present situation of domestic and foreign research is summarized and analyzed, and the three research contents of the paper are described. In the second chapter, the basic theoretical knowledge of the measurement of the spectral emissivity of the energy contrast method is briefly introduced, and the main components and measurement methods of the spectral emissivity measuring device based on the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer are briefly introduced. The background radiation and response coefficient of the measuring device were tested. In the third chapter, the effect of surface roughness on the emissivity of steel before and after oxidation was studied by comparing the spectral emissivity of 2-15? m before and after the oxidation of the six surface-treated E235B steel. The results show that the surface roughness is one of the main factors that affect the emissivity of the steel, and the optical roughness can be used as a parameter to evaluate the effect of the surface topography on the spectral emissivity, but the influence of the surface morphology on the emissivity can not be fully described with a single roughness parameter. The surface morphology of the steel samples after oxidation has changed, and the surface roughness becomes larger than before oxidation, and the spectral emissivity is also obviously increased. The spectral emissivity curve shows an obvious oscillation, and this phenomenon can be explained by the film interference theory. In the fourth chapter, the influence of the alloy composition on the emissivity of the steel before and after oxidation was investigated by measuring the emissivity of the low-carbon steel 310, the medium carbon steel 45 # and the high-carbon steel T10 before and after the oxidation. The results show that the alloy composition can have different influence on the emissivity of the steel. and this effect is different before and after oxidation. For unoxidized steel, the higher the carbon content, the greater the spectral emissivity, and the difference in the emissivity of the three steels is not more than 0.05. The overall distribution of the spectral emissivity of the three steels after oxidation is the same as before the oxidation, but the value of the spectral emissivity is greater than before the oxidation. Because the components of Al, Cr, Ni in the steel component can inhibit the growth of the steel oxide film, the spectral emissivity of the 45 # steel is slightly larger than that of the steel of 310 and T10. The surface color of the steel has a certain effect on the spectral emissivity, and the surface of the oxidized 310 and T10 steel is changed from the original silver white to the light blue, and the 45 # steel becomes purple yellow. In the fifth chapter, the change of the emissivity of Q235A steel from 300K to 923K is measured in real time by a set of reflective spectral emissivity measuring devices, and the effect of the oxidation process on the emissivity of steel is investigated. The results show that the oxidation process has an unnegligible effect on the emissivity of steel. The emissivity of the Q235A steel in the heating process is not always increased, but a certain fluctuation occurs, and finally, the thickness of the steel oxide layer is roughly estimated by using the interference theory. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the general rule of the spectral emissivity of the steel and enrich the emissivity data of the steel, and to further study the spectral emissivity and the characteristics of the steel under different conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG142.1
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