【摘要】：碳纖維復(fù)合材料(CFRP)零件的鉆孔加工是實(shí)現(xiàn)此類零件裝配連接必不可少的環(huán)節(jié),然而由于CFRP材料是由軟粘性的樹(shù)脂基體和高強(qiáng)高硬的纖維增強(qiáng)相組成,具有獨(dú)特的各向異性和層合特性,使得鉆孔過(guò)程中極易產(chǎn)生分層、撕裂、毛刺等損傷。鉆尖部分是鉆頭參與切削的主要區(qū)域,鉆尖的幾何特征直接決定鉆頭和工件的接觸狀態(tài)及切削過(guò)程,是影響制孔損傷的重要因素。本文以T800級(jí)CFRP層合板為研究對(duì)象,為探索適合于CFRP層合板鉆削的鉆尖幾何,首先采用多種不同鉆尖幾何的鉆頭進(jìn)行對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),確定了雙頂角形狀的鉆尖較適合于鉆削CFRP層合板；然后通過(guò)理論解析和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究相結(jié)合的方法,研究雙頂角鉆尖幾何參數(shù)對(duì)鉆削軸向力和出口分層的影響,為指導(dǎo)高質(zhì)量制孔刀具的設(shè)計(jì)提供了依據(jù)。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下：(1)采用麻花鉆、階梯鉆、雙頂角鉆和圓弧鉆對(duì)CFRP層合板進(jìn)行制孔試驗(yàn),基于鉆削過(guò)程中測(cè)量的切削力和切削溫度,分析出口分層損傷產(chǎn)生的原因。研究可知雙頂角鉆頭在鉆出工件底部時(shí)分階段鉆出,鉆削軸向力多階段緩慢歸零,且鉆削溫度相對(duì)較低,導(dǎo)致最終的出口分層小,制孔質(zhì)量好。(2)基于雙頂角形狀的鉆尖特征對(duì)其幾何尺寸進(jìn)行參數(shù)化,分別建立了基于Hertz接觸理論的橫刃軸向力模型和基于二維直角切削的主切削刃軸向力模型,采用13種不同幾何參數(shù)的雙頂角鉆頭對(duì)模型中的待定系數(shù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)定,并通過(guò)兩種雙頂角鉆頭的軸向力預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。橫刃軸向力預(yù)測(cè)的平均誤差約為11%,主切削刃軸向力的預(yù)測(cè)平均誤差約為2%。最后通過(guò)分析雙頂角鉆削軸向力模型,獲得鉆削軸向力隨鉆頭幾何參數(shù)變化的規(guī)律。(3)按頂角分配類型將雙頂角鉆頭分為凸雙頂角和凹雙頂角,通過(guò)分析軸向力的時(shí)變曲線得到了軸向力沿切削刃的分布情況,討論了最后一層纖維所受的軸向力的變化及不同類型雙頂角鉆頭的制孔出口分層的產(chǎn)生過(guò)程。結(jié)果表明,凸雙頂角鉆的刀具外圍軸向力較小,可以縮短裂紋長(zhǎng)度,產(chǎn)生較小的出口分層。鉆頭的總軸向力與出口分層因子并非正比關(guān)系,而軸向力沿切削刃的變化對(duì)于出口分層因子有著更直接的影響。刀具設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)該首先考慮鉆削軸向力隨切削刃的變化規(guī)律,然后可以考慮如何整體降低軸向力。
[Abstract]:The drilling of (CFRP) parts of carbon fiber composites is an essential link to realize the assembly and connection of such parts. However, the CFRP material is composed of a soft viscous resin matrix and a high strength and high hardness fiber reinforced phase. Because of its unique anisotropy and lamination, it is easy to produce delamination, tear and burr. The drill tip part is the main area in which the bit takes part in cutting. The geometric characteristics of the drill tip directly determine the contact state and cutting process between the bit and the workpiece, which is an important factor affecting the hole making damage. In this paper, T800 CFRP laminated plate is taken as the research object. In order to explore the drill tip geometry suitable for CFRP laminate drilling, several kinds of drill bit with different drill tip geometry are used to carry on the contrast experiment at first, it is determined that the double top angle drill tip is more suitable for drilling the CFRP laminate. Then through the method of theoretical analysis and experimental study, the influence of the geometric parameters of double-top angle drilling tip on the axial force and exit delamination of drilling is studied, which provides the basis for guiding the design of high quality drilling tool. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) Hole making test of CFRP laminated plate is carried out by using twist drill, step drill, double top angle drill and circular arc drill, based on the cutting force and cutting temperature measured during drilling. The causes of exit delamination damage are analyzed. The research shows that the double vertex bit drilled out in the time division stage at the bottom of the workpiece, and the axial force of drilling is slowly returning to zero in many stages, and the drilling temperature is relatively low, which leads to the final exit delamination is small. The hole making quality is good. (2) the geometric dimension is parameterized based on the double vertex shape of drill tip. The axial force model of the horizontal edge based on Hertz contact theory and the axial force model of the main cutting edge based on two-dimensional right-angle cutting are established, respectively. The undetermined coefficients of the model are calibrated with 13 kinds of double-vertex bits with different geometric parameters, and the model is verified by predicting the axial force of two kinds of double-vertex bits. The average error of the axial force prediction of the cutting edge is about 11 and that of the main cutting edge is about 2. Finally, by analyzing the axial force model of double vertex drilling, the variation of drilling axial force with bit geometry parameters is obtained. (3) the double top angle bit is divided into convex double top angle and concave double top angle according to the type of vertical angle distribution. By analyzing the time-varying curve of axial force, the distribution of axial force along the cutting edge is obtained, and the variation of axial force on the last layer of fiber and the process of producing delamination at the outlet of different types of double-vertex bits are discussed. The results show that the external axial force of the tool is smaller, which can shorten the crack length and produce smaller exit delamination. The total axial force of the bit is not directly proportional to the exit stratification factor, but the variation of axial force along the cutting edge has a more direct effect on the exit stratification factor. In the design of the tool, the variation of the axial force with the cutting edge should be considered first, and then how to reduce the axial force as a whole can be considered.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TG52

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