高鉻鑄鐵成分優(yōu)化與高溫性能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-01-02 10:42
【摘要】:高鉻鑄鐵是一種鉻系耐熱耐磨鑄鐵,具有較好的高溫耐磨性能,在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的許多領(lǐng)域廣泛使用。為了控制生產(chǎn)成本和實(shí)現(xiàn)安全穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn),企業(yè)對(duì)高鉻鑄鐵高溫環(huán)境下的使用性能要求不斷提高。因此,開發(fā)新的高鉻鑄鐵,使其具有更好的高溫耐磨性能,是材料研究領(lǐng)域的重要工作。本論文是在對(duì)現(xiàn)有常用高鉻鑄鐵的成分、組織和性能以及氮、鉬元素可能產(chǎn)生的作用效果進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,熔煉合成含有氮、鉬元素的高鉻鑄鐵,使用自制的高溫磨損試驗(yàn)裝置以及材料組織觀測(cè)和強(qiáng)度測(cè)試裝置對(duì)合金的高溫性能進(jìn)行了分析。首先,以碳、鉻、鉬和氮作為變化因素,以高溫(900℃)下合金磨損量、氧化增重、抗拉強(qiáng)度作為性能指標(biāo),通過正交試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行合金成分優(yōu)化。其后,以正交試驗(yàn)所得合金最優(yōu)成分為基礎(chǔ),改變合金中的鉬和氮含量進(jìn)行單變量實(shí)驗(yàn),分析討論氮、鉬元素對(duì)高鉻鑄鐵高溫性能的影響以及性能變化的組織原因。由分析正交試驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知,利用綜合評(píng)分法得出合金的最優(yōu)組分為2.6wt%碳、28wt%鉻、3wt%鉬、0.2wt%氮。在此化學(xué)組成下,合金的高溫單位磨損量為28.5g/m2·h、高溫單位氧化增重量為0.023 g/m2·h,均為最小,高溫抗拉強(qiáng)度最大達(dá)到182.61 MPa,同時(shí)室溫硬度最高為48.2 HRC。C、Cr兩元素對(duì)所有高溫性能均為最顯著影響因素,而Mo、N對(duì)高溫性能指標(biāo)的影響程度次序有所不同。對(duì)合金的組織觀察分析表明,氮元素主要以固溶和在基體金屬中的固溶及碳氮化物等形式存在,并引起碳化物由長(zhǎng)條狀向條塊狀的轉(zhuǎn)變以及尺寸變小。在氮含量為0.2wt%時(shí)碳化物所占比例最大為26.84%,碳化物尺寸為69.32μm2最小。鉬元素主要形成鉬的碳化物Mo2C,分布在共晶碳化物之中。隨著含鉬量的增加,長(zhǎng)條狀碳化物減少,塊狀及球狀碳化物增多,碳化物長(zhǎng)寬比減小而且棱角變得更加圓滑,而且更趨向于離散分布。從合金組織與性能的關(guān)系來看,氮元素固溶所引起的基體硬度提高、碳化物數(shù)量增加以及形成碳氮化物是提高合金耐磨性的主要原因,碳化物形貌優(yōu)化和尺寸細(xì)化有利于提高高溫強(qiáng)度,但氮的析出便于氧向內(nèi)部擴(kuò)散且弱化了氧化膜與基體結(jié)合,對(duì)合金的高溫氧化性能是不利的。合金中加入鉬后形成的高硬Mo2C質(zhì)點(diǎn),是鉬提高合金耐磨性的重要原因;鉬細(xì)化合金晶粒,使碳化物形貌優(yōu)化和離散分布,有利于提高高溫下合金的抗拉強(qiáng)度;碳化鉬的形成降低了基體的碳含量,可以在一定程度上改善合金的抗氧化性能。
[Abstract]:High chromium cast iron is a kind of chromium series heat resistant and wear resistant cast iron, which has good high temperature wear resistance and is widely used in many fields of industrial production. In order to control production cost and realize safe and stable production, the performance requirements of high chromium cast iron under high temperature environment are improved. Therefore, it is an important work in the field of material research to develop new high chromium cast iron and make it have better wear resistance at high temperature. Based on the analysis of the composition, microstructure and properties of the existing high chromium cast iron, and the possible effect of nitrogen and molybdenum elements, the high chromium cast iron containing nitrogen and molybdenum was synthesized by smelting. The high temperature properties of the alloy were analyzed by using the self-made high temperature wear test device and the material microstructure observation and strength test device. Firstly, carbon, chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen were taken as the variable factors, and the alloy wear, oxidation weight and tensile strength at high temperature (900 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2398391
[Abstract]:High chromium cast iron is a kind of chromium series heat resistant and wear resistant cast iron, which has good high temperature wear resistance and is widely used in many fields of industrial production. In order to control production cost and realize safe and stable production, the performance requirements of high chromium cast iron under high temperature environment are improved. Therefore, it is an important work in the field of material research to develop new high chromium cast iron and make it have better wear resistance at high temperature. Based on the analysis of the composition, microstructure and properties of the existing high chromium cast iron, and the possible effect of nitrogen and molybdenum elements, the high chromium cast iron containing nitrogen and molybdenum was synthesized by smelting. The high temperature properties of the alloy were analyzed by using the self-made high temperature wear test device and the material microstructure observation and strength test device. Firstly, carbon, chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen were taken as the variable factors, and the alloy wear, oxidation weight and tensile strength at high temperature (900 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2398391
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