機(jī)械密封焊接金屬波紋管的疲勞壽命計算及分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-15 02:56
【摘要】：焊接金屬波紋管機(jī)械密封,是用波紋管來替代密封中的彈簧和輔助密封圈。在旋轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備旋轉(zhuǎn)時,機(jī)械密封中動環(huán)會產(chǎn)生軸向位移,而波紋管可以依靠本身的特性,來補償及緩沖這一現(xiàn)象。對機(jī)械設(shè)備而言,機(jī)械密封的失效將影響其工作性能和使用壽命,而機(jī)械密封中焊接金屬波紋管的失效在通常情況下為疲勞破壞,因此研討焊接金屬波紋管的疲勞壽命,具有重要意義。S型焊接金屬波紋管機(jī)械密封,在安裝時對中性良好,故不考慮其離心力,對波紋管受力分析。運用Solid Works和ANSYS Workbench等通用商業(yè)軟件,對波紋管進(jìn)行建模,網(wǎng)格劃分以及靜力學(xué)力分析,得到變形和應(yīng)力的分布云圖,并計算疲勞壽命。另外因波紋管處于高溫工況,故對其進(jìn)行熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合分析,探討溫度對疲勞壽命的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對S型焊接金屬波紋管進(jìn)行瞬態(tài)動應(yīng)力分析,得到達(dá)到頂峰的最大應(yīng)力值,并用公式估算其疲勞壽命,與熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合有限元結(jié)果相比較。最后,根據(jù)S型波紋管的幾何形狀,設(shè)計U型焊接金屬波紋管,并在與S型相同工況下,求解U型波紋管的疲勞壽命,并與S型相比較。S型焊接金屬波紋管,網(wǎng)格劃分共生成557312個節(jié)點,87000個單元。靜力學(xué)分析結(jié)果,最大變形為3.0586mm,位置在波紋管的游離端,小于其最小允許工作位移7.96mm;最大應(yīng)力值為117.58MPa,位置在波紋管膜片的焊接處,小于材料316鋼的許用應(yīng)力206.7MPa;最小疲勞壽命為3.49年,滿足工廠大檢修的要求。熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合分析,得到最大變形為2.6728mm,小于其最小允許工作位移,其最大變形位置同樣在波紋管的游離端;最大應(yīng)力值為200.2MPa,在波紋管的固定端,是由于固定載荷引起的,在波紋管的焊接處,是危險部位,應(yīng)力為121.11MPa;最小疲勞壽命為2.35年,比靜力學(xué)分析下的疲勞壽命小,但同樣滿足工廠大檢修的要求。在S型焊接金屬波紋管的軸向瞬態(tài)動應(yīng)力最大值為0.5764N時,有限元結(jié)果得到隨時間變化的最大變形值和最大應(yīng)力值。在t=0.021875s時,最大變形值和最大應(yīng)力值達(dá)到頂峰,其中最大變形是2.6881mm,在波紋管的游離端;最大的應(yīng)力值為103.45MPa,位于膜片的焊接處,都在允許范圍之內(nèi)。最大應(yīng)力值與熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合同一位置應(yīng)力結(jié)合,求得平均應(yīng)力,代入道林損傷公式中,得到波紋管的使用壽命為2.59年,與有限元分析結(jié)果相差不大。U型焊接金屬波紋管,網(wǎng)格劃分共生成278062個節(jié)點,39432個單元。靜力學(xué)分析結(jié)果,最大變形分別為0.17926mm,小于其允許工作位移,最大變形位置在波紋管的游離端;最大應(yīng)力為198.47MPa,小于材料316鋼的許用應(yīng)力,位置在波紋管的波谷處;最小疲勞壽命為2.29年,滿足工廠大檢修的要求。熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合分析時,最大變形為0.16222mm,小于其允許工作位移,最大變形位置在波紋管的游離端;波紋管最大應(yīng)力為567.76MPa,小于材料的3倍許用應(yīng)力,在波紋管的固定端,是由于固定載荷引起的,在波紋管的波谷處,是危險部位,應(yīng)力為166.08MPa;最小壽命為0.16年,不能滿足工廠檢修的要求。U型焊接金屬波紋管與S型工況相同的情況下,進(jìn)行瞬態(tài)動力學(xué)分析,得到隨時間變化的最大變形值和最大應(yīng)力值。同樣在t=0.021875s時,最大變形值和最大應(yīng)力值達(dá)到頂峰,其中最大變形是0.14934mm,在波紋管的游離端;最大的應(yīng)力值為110.32MPa,同樣位于波谷處,都在允許范圍之內(nèi)。最大應(yīng)力值與熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合同一位置應(yīng)力結(jié)合,求得平均應(yīng)力,代入道林損傷公式中,得到波紋管的使用壽命為0.17年,與有限元分析結(jié)果相差不大。兩種波形的波紋管,在不考慮溫度的情況下,從疲勞壽命方面來說都能滿足實際生產(chǎn)需要。但是在焊接金屬波紋管機(jī)械密封中,波紋管不僅是連接元件,而且可以對動環(huán)產(chǎn)生的軸向位移進(jìn)行緩沖和補償。若U型波紋管彈性小的話,無法具有這一特性。而且U型焊接金屬波紋管在高溫工況下,其疲勞壽命比S型差很多。所以,對U型焊接金屬波紋管來說,在旋轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備上,還是有一定的局限性,無法普遍的運用。通過以上的研究,為以后對焊接金屬波紋管的設(shè)計研究提供參考,并對S型波紋管波形的優(yōu)化提供新的方法。
[Abstract]:The mechanical seal of the welded metal bellows is to replace the spring and the auxiliary sealing ring in the seal with a bellows. When the rotating device is rotated, the dynamic ring in the mechanical seal will generate an axial displacement, and the bellows can rely on its own characteristics to compensate and buffer the phenomenon. In the case of mechanical equipment, the failure of mechanical seal will affect its working performance and service life, while the failure of welded metal bellows in mechanical seal is usually fatigue damage, so it is of great significance to study the fatigue life of welded metal bellows. The S-type welded metal bellows is mechanically sealed, and is neutral in installation. Therefore, the force analysis of the bellows is not considered due to the centrifugal force. By using the general commercial software such as Solid Works and ANSYS Workbench, the corrugated pipe is modeled, the mesh is divided and the static force is analyzed to obtain the distribution nephogram of deformation and stress, and the fatigue life is calculated. In addition, due to the high temperature working condition of the corrugated pipe, the thermal-structural coupling analysis is carried out to study the effect of temperature on the fatigue life. On this basis, the transient dynamic stress analysis of S-type welded metal bellows is carried out, the maximum stress value of the peak is obtained, and the fatigue life of the S-type welded metal bellows is estimated by the formula, and the fatigue life is compared with the heat-structure coupled finite element result. Finally, according to the geometry of the S-shaped bellows, the U-shaped welded metal bellows is designed and the fatigue life of the U-shaped bellows is solved under the same conditions as the S-shaped bellows and compared with the S-type. The S-type welding metal corrugated pipe and the grid are divided into a total of 557312 nodes and 87000 units. The results of the static analysis, the maximum deformation is 3.0586mm, the position is at the free end of the bellows, the minimum allowable working displacement is 7.96mm, the maximum stress value is 117.5. 58MPa, the position is at the welding position of the bellows diaphragm, the allowable stress of the material 316 steel is 207.7MPa, the minimum fatigue life is 3.49 years, to meet the requirements of the overhaul of the factory. the thermal-structural coupling analysis results in a maximum deformation of 2.6728mm, less than its minimum allowable working displacement, the maximum deformation position of which is also at the free end of the bellows, a maximum stress value of 200. 2mpa, at the fixed end of the bellows, due to a fixed load, at the welding of the bellows, It is the dangerous part, the stress is 121.11MPa, the minimum fatigue life is 2.35 years, and the fatigue life under the static analysis is small, but also meets the requirements of the overhaul of the factory. The maximum deformation value and the maximum stress value over time are obtained by the finite element method when the maximum axial transient stress of the S-type welded metal bellows is 0. 5764N. At t = 0. 021875s, the maximum deformation value and the maximum stress value reach the peak, where the maximum deformation is 2.6881mm, at the free end of the bellows; the maximum stress value is 103.45MPa, and the welding position of the diaphragm is within the allowable range. The maximum stress value is combined with the heat-structure coupled to the same position, and the average stress is obtained. In the formula of the damage to the tunnel, the service life of the bellows is 2. 59 years, and the difference between the maximum stress value and the finite element analysis is not large. The U-shaped welded metal corrugated pipe and the grid are divided into a total of 278062 nodes and 39432 units. The maximum deformation is 0.17926mm, less than the allowable working displacement, the maximum deformation is at the free end of the bellows, the maximum stress is 198.47MPa, the allowable stress of the 316 steel is less than that of the material 316, the position is at the wave trough of the corrugated pipe, the minimum fatigue life is 2.29 years, to meet the requirements of the overhaul of the factory. At the time of thermal-structural coupling analysis, the maximum deformation is 0.16222mm, less than the allowable working displacement, the maximum deformation position is at the free end of the bellows, the maximum stress of the bellows is 567.76MPa, the stress is less than 3 times of the material, the fixed end of the corrugated pipe is caused by the fixed load, At the trough of the corrugated pipe, it is a dangerous part, the stress is 166.08MPa, the minimum service life is 0. 16 years, and the requirement of factory overhaul cannot be met. When the U-shaped welded metal bellows is the same as the S-type working condition, the transient dynamic analysis is carried out to obtain the maximum deformation value and the maximum stress value which are changed over time. Also at t = 0. 021875s, the maximum deformation value and the maximum stress value reach the peak, where the maximum deformation is 0.14934mm, at the free end of the bellows; the maximum stress value is 1100.32MPa, also at the trough, all within the allowable range. The maximum stress value is combined with the heat-structure coupled with the same position, and the average stress is obtained. In the formula of the damage to the trace, the service life of the bellows is 0. 17 years, and the difference between the maximum stress value and the finite element analysis result is not large. The bellows of the two waveforms can meet the actual production needs in terms of fatigue life without taking into account the temperature. However, in the mechanical seal of welded metal bellows, the bellows is not only the connecting element, but also the axial displacement generated by the moving ring can be buffered and compensated. If the U-shaped bellows is small in elasticity, it is not possible to have this characteristic. and the fatigue life of the U-shaped welded metal corrugated pipe is much lower than that of the S-type under the high-temperature working condition. Therefore, for the U-shaped welded metal bellows, there are some limitations on the rotating equipment, which is not universally applicable. Through the above research, the author provides a reference for the design and research of the welding metal bellows, and provides a new method for the optimization of the S-shaped corrugated pipe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG405
本文編號：2379837
[Abstract]:The mechanical seal of the welded metal bellows is to replace the spring and the auxiliary sealing ring in the seal with a bellows. When the rotating device is rotated, the dynamic ring in the mechanical seal will generate an axial displacement, and the bellows can rely on its own characteristics to compensate and buffer the phenomenon. In the case of mechanical equipment, the failure of mechanical seal will affect its working performance and service life, while the failure of welded metal bellows in mechanical seal is usually fatigue damage, so it is of great significance to study the fatigue life of welded metal bellows. The S-type welded metal bellows is mechanically sealed, and is neutral in installation. Therefore, the force analysis of the bellows is not considered due to the centrifugal force. By using the general commercial software such as Solid Works and ANSYS Workbench, the corrugated pipe is modeled, the mesh is divided and the static force is analyzed to obtain the distribution nephogram of deformation and stress, and the fatigue life is calculated. In addition, due to the high temperature working condition of the corrugated pipe, the thermal-structural coupling analysis is carried out to study the effect of temperature on the fatigue life. On this basis, the transient dynamic stress analysis of S-type welded metal bellows is carried out, the maximum stress value of the peak is obtained, and the fatigue life of the S-type welded metal bellows is estimated by the formula, and the fatigue life is compared with the heat-structure coupled finite element result. Finally, according to the geometry of the S-shaped bellows, the U-shaped welded metal bellows is designed and the fatigue life of the U-shaped bellows is solved under the same conditions as the S-shaped bellows and compared with the S-type. The S-type welding metal corrugated pipe and the grid are divided into a total of 557312 nodes and 87000 units. The results of the static analysis, the maximum deformation is 3.0586mm, the position is at the free end of the bellows, the minimum allowable working displacement is 7.96mm, the maximum stress value is 117.5. 58MPa, the position is at the welding position of the bellows diaphragm, the allowable stress of the material 316 steel is 207.7MPa, the minimum fatigue life is 3.49 years, to meet the requirements of the overhaul of the factory. the thermal-structural coupling analysis results in a maximum deformation of 2.6728mm, less than its minimum allowable working displacement, the maximum deformation position of which is also at the free end of the bellows, a maximum stress value of 200. 2mpa, at the fixed end of the bellows, due to a fixed load, at the welding of the bellows, It is the dangerous part, the stress is 121.11MPa, the minimum fatigue life is 2.35 years, and the fatigue life under the static analysis is small, but also meets the requirements of the overhaul of the factory. The maximum deformation value and the maximum stress value over time are obtained by the finite element method when the maximum axial transient stress of the S-type welded metal bellows is 0. 5764N. At t = 0. 021875s, the maximum deformation value and the maximum stress value reach the peak, where the maximum deformation is 2.6881mm, at the free end of the bellows; the maximum stress value is 103.45MPa, and the welding position of the diaphragm is within the allowable range. The maximum stress value is combined with the heat-structure coupled to the same position, and the average stress is obtained. In the formula of the damage to the tunnel, the service life of the bellows is 2. 59 years, and the difference between the maximum stress value and the finite element analysis is not large. The U-shaped welded metal corrugated pipe and the grid are divided into a total of 278062 nodes and 39432 units. The maximum deformation is 0.17926mm, less than the allowable working displacement, the maximum deformation is at the free end of the bellows, the maximum stress is 198.47MPa, the allowable stress of the 316 steel is less than that of the material 316, the position is at the wave trough of the corrugated pipe, the minimum fatigue life is 2.29 years, to meet the requirements of the overhaul of the factory. At the time of thermal-structural coupling analysis, the maximum deformation is 0.16222mm, less than the allowable working displacement, the maximum deformation position is at the free end of the bellows, the maximum stress of the bellows is 567.76MPa, the stress is less than 3 times of the material, the fixed end of the corrugated pipe is caused by the fixed load, At the trough of the corrugated pipe, it is a dangerous part, the stress is 166.08MPa, the minimum service life is 0. 16 years, and the requirement of factory overhaul cannot be met. When the U-shaped welded metal bellows is the same as the S-type working condition, the transient dynamic analysis is carried out to obtain the maximum deformation value and the maximum stress value which are changed over time. Also at t = 0. 021875s, the maximum deformation value and the maximum stress value reach the peak, where the maximum deformation is 0.14934mm, at the free end of the bellows; the maximum stress value is 1100.32MPa, also at the trough, all within the allowable range. The maximum stress value is combined with the heat-structure coupled with the same position, and the average stress is obtained. In the formula of the damage to the trace, the service life of the bellows is 0. 17 years, and the difference between the maximum stress value and the finite element analysis result is not large. The bellows of the two waveforms can meet the actual production needs in terms of fatigue life without taking into account the temperature. However, in the mechanical seal of welded metal bellows, the bellows is not only the connecting element, but also the axial displacement generated by the moving ring can be buffered and compensated. If the U-shaped bellows is small in elasticity, it is not possible to have this characteristic. and the fatigue life of the U-shaped welded metal corrugated pipe is much lower than that of the S-type under the high-temperature working condition. Therefore, for the U-shaped welded metal bellows, there are some limitations on the rotating equipment, which is not universally applicable. Through the above research, the author provides a reference for the design and research of the welding metal bellows, and provides a new method for the optimization of the S-shaped corrugated pipe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG405
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