【摘要】：五軸數(shù)控加工技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)和智能裝備領(lǐng)域最核心的技術(shù)之一,本文沿著高精高速這一數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展的主線,對(duì)五軸加工誤差的控制策略進(jìn)行了研究。在對(duì)五軸加工誤差來(lái)源及其分類分析的基礎(chǔ)上,歸納出誤差控制方法的發(fā)展及不足,明確了在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)端對(duì)加工誤差進(jìn)行控制的研究方向與內(nèi)容。五軸空間刀具動(dòng)態(tài)補(bǔ)償是影響來(lái)源于刀具誤差控制的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),本文對(duì)五軸加工過(guò)程中的刀具磨損進(jìn)行建模分析,提出了一種基于開(kāi)放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的高效刀具管理技術(shù)的刀具磨損動(dòng)態(tài)補(bǔ)償策略,給出了刀具誤差的動(dòng)態(tài)計(jì)算、預(yù)測(cè)、補(bǔ)償策略。仿真表明,刀具動(dòng)態(tài)補(bǔ)償技術(shù)能夠大大減小五軸加工時(shí)由刀具磨損引起的誤差。將空間刀補(bǔ)與五軸NURBS加工技術(shù)有機(jī)結(jié)合是提高五軸加工精度和速度的難點(diǎn)。本文對(duì)五軸加工中的空間刀具補(bǔ)償技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,提出了適用于五軸加工的三重NURBS曲線軌跡模型,通過(guò)該模型能夠較為完整的描述出刀具位姿和切觸點(diǎn)位置,從而能有效的實(shí)現(xiàn)五軸空間刀具補(bǔ)償。試驗(yàn)表明,該方法能夠有效解決五軸NURBS加工中的空間刀補(bǔ)問(wèn)題�；谠跈C(jī)檢測(cè)的工件模型調(diào)整是更通用、直接的工件源誤差控制策略。本文在在機(jī)檢測(cè)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種工件模型重構(gòu)調(diào)整的誤差控制方法,通過(guò)對(duì)在機(jī)檢測(cè)點(diǎn)的優(yōu)化選取、重構(gòu)點(diǎn)的計(jì)算以及工件表面的離線重新擬合實(shí)現(xiàn)了工件誤差的控制,試驗(yàn)表明,該方法在加工剛性較好的工件時(shí)對(duì)工件誤差的控制有明顯的效果。誤差的在機(jī)檢測(cè)及實(shí)時(shí)控制是高精高效加工的難點(diǎn),而軌跡規(guī)劃則是解決這一問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵入手點(diǎn),本文針對(duì)五軸數(shù)控加工誤差的實(shí)時(shí)控制提出了一種完整的軌跡規(guī)劃策略,通過(guò)增加軌跡重規(guī)劃模塊克服了宏程序?qū)崟r(shí)補(bǔ)償不能執(zhí)行前瞻規(guī)劃的缺點(diǎn),給出了完整軌跡規(guī)劃模塊的工作流程。五軸加工中精度與速度是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)矛盾點(diǎn),本文在完整軌跡規(guī)劃的階段對(duì)加工速度規(guī)劃方法進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化,并提出一種能夠根據(jù)路徑類型選擇加減速策略的智能S型加減速控制方法,使五軸加工更加平滑,仿真驗(yàn)證表明,使用該智能S型加減速以及變插補(bǔ)周期精插補(bǔ)技術(shù),能夠在保證原有的加工精度前提下提高加工速度。對(duì)本文所提出的五軸數(shù)控加工誤差控制策略進(jìn)行實(shí)際驗(yàn)證,在通用五軸數(shù)控系統(tǒng)軟硬件架構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)上,提出兩種平臺(tái)方案,研制出一種五軸數(shù)控系統(tǒng)樣機(jī),并通過(guò)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證基于本文誤差控制策略的五軸數(shù)控系統(tǒng)能夠顯著提高五軸加工的精度和加工速度。
[Abstract]:Five-axis NC machining technology has become one of the core technologies in the field of advanced manufacturing technology and intelligent equipment. In this paper, the control strategy of five-axis machining error is studied along with the development of high-precision and high-speed NC technology. Based on the analysis of the source and classification of five-axis machining error, the development and deficiency of error control method are summarized, and the research direction and content of machining error control at the end of NC system are clarified. The dynamic compensation of five-axis space tool is the key technology that affects the tool error control. In this paper, the tool wear in the five-axis machining process is modeled and analyzed. A dynamic compensation strategy of tool wear based on efficient tool management technology of open NC system is presented. The dynamic calculation, prediction and compensation strategy of tool error are given. Simulation results show that the tool dynamic compensation technique can greatly reduce the error caused by tool wear in five-axis machining. It is difficult to improve the precision and speed of five-axis machining by combining spatial cutter compensation with five-axis NURBS machining technology. In this paper, the spatial tool compensation technology in five-axis machining is studied, and a three-fold NURBS curve trajectory model suitable for five-axis machining is proposed. Through the model, the position and position of cutting point can be described completely. Thus, the five-axis space tool compensation can be realized effectively. The experimental results show that the method can effectively solve the spatial cutter compensation problem in five-axis NURBS machining. The adjustment of workpiece model based on in-machine detection is a more general and direct control strategy of workpiece source error. In this paper, an error control method for reconfiguration of workpiece model is proposed on the basis of machine testing technology. The control of workpiece error is realized by optimizing selection of in-machine inspection point, calculation of reconfiguration point and off-line refitting of workpiece surface. The experiment shows that the method has obvious effect on controlling the workpiece error when machining the workpiece with good rigidity. In-machine error detection and real-time control are the difficulties of high-precision and high-efficiency machining, and trajectory planning is the key point to solve this problem. In this paper, a complete trajectory planning strategy is proposed for real-time control of five-axis NC machining errors. By adding trajectory replanning module, the shortcomings of real-time compensation of macro program can not perform forward planning are overcome, and the work flow of the complete trajectory planning module is given. Precision and speed are a traditional contradiction in five-axis machining. In this paper, the machining speed planning method is further optimized in the stage of complete trajectory planning. An intelligent S-type acceleration and deceleration control method which can select acceleration and deceleration strategy according to path type is proposed to make the five-axis machining smoother. The simulation results show that the intelligent S-type acceleration and deceleration and variable interpolation cycle precision interpolation techniques are used. It can improve the machining speed under the premise of guaranteeing the original machining precision. The error control strategy of five-axis NC machining is verified in this paper. On the basis of the hardware and software architecture of general five-axis NC system, two kinds of platform schemes are proposed, and a prototype of five-axis NC system is developed. The experiments show that the five-axis NC system based on the error control strategy in this paper can significantly improve the precision and speed of five-axis machining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TG659

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