【摘要】：焊接是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程中連接的主要方式。隨著鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展,20世紀(jì)末以來(lái)在建筑行業(yè)中地應(yīng)用日益廣泛。然而在鋼材的焊接階段中,受到了材料相變、位移約束和溫度場(chǎng)的不均勻分布等各方面因素,導(dǎo)致在焊接結(jié)束后的焊件中出現(xiàn)了殘余應(yīng)力與變形,是影響焊接結(jié)構(gòu)裂紋萌生和擴(kuò)展、降低鋼材的各方面功能的關(guān)鍵因素。另外,雖然許多相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)人員針對(duì)此問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了焊接工藝的改良、設(shè)置加勁肋等有效措施,但是焊縫密集以及焊縫形狀復(fù)雜等所導(dǎo)致的焊接殘余應(yīng)力更需要受到研究人員的重視,同時(shí)應(yīng)該對(duì)這種安全隱患所造成的危害進(jìn)行更深入的認(rèn)識(shí)。所以把焊接殘余應(yīng)力作為影響波形腹板H形鋼的受力性能的不利因素融入到其受力分析與設(shè)計(jì)中是有非常重要的意義的。本文對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)與研究成果進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),將波形鋼腹板設(shè)計(jì)理論與焊接熱學(xué)理論相結(jié)合,使用大型通用有限元軟件ANSYS熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合分析功能對(duì)波形腹板H形鋼梁的焊接殘余應(yīng)力進(jìn)行有限元模擬計(jì)算。得出波形鋼腹板梁的焊接殘余應(yīng)力以及變形的分布情況。并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了深入的分析。通過(guò)分析波形腹板H形鋼梁的焊接殘余應(yīng)力分布情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)焊接過(guò)程的復(fù)雜性會(huì)干擾其殘余應(yīng)力的分布。這要比單一焊縫焊接時(shí)的應(yīng)力分布復(fù)雜很多。同時(shí)還分析了焊接過(guò)程中金相組織轉(zhuǎn)換對(duì)殘余應(yīng)力的影響。然后將波形腹板H形鋼梁焊接殘余應(yīng)力的分布情況與其抗彎性能、抗剪性能等力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行結(jié)合分析,得出下翼緣板殘余應(yīng)力對(duì)其抗彎性能有著不小的降低,腹板的焊接殘余應(yīng)力對(duì)其抗剪性能的影響并不顯著。通過(guò)將波形腹板H形鋼的焊接變形與結(jié)構(gòu)受力性能總和研究,指出其焊接變形將會(huì)永久地改變波形腹板H形鋼梁的板件尺寸以及結(jié)構(gòu)的扭曲性能。在分析了焊接殘余應(yīng)力以及焊接變形對(duì)波形腹板H形鋼梁有可能造成不利因素之后,通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)以及焊接工藝改善這兩方面對(duì)波形腹板H形鋼的設(shè)計(jì)制造提出建議,達(dá)到降低或是消除焊接殘余應(yīng)力以及焊接變形對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)造成的危害。分別說(shuō)明了焊接時(shí)焊縫的尺寸和形式、焊接坡口、焊接熱源的輸入以及焊接方法的選擇對(duì)焊接殘余應(yīng)力和焊接變形的影響。最后提出使用新型焊接工藝,這樣能夠提高焊接效率,有效地降低焊接過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的殘余應(yīng)力。
[Abstract]:Welding is the main way of connection in steel structure engineering. With the development of steel structure, it has been widely used in the construction industry since the end of the 20th century. However, in the welding stage of steel, the residual stress and deformation appear in the welded parts after welding due to the material phase transition, displacement constraints and uneven distribution of temperature field, etc. It is the key factor that affects the crack initiation and propagation of welded structure and reduces the function of steel in all aspects. In addition, although many relevant professionals have improved the welding process and set up stiffening ribs to solve this problem, But the welding residual stress caused by the dense weld seam and the complicated weld shape should be paid more attention by researchers and the harm caused by this kind of safety hidden danger should be deeply understood at the same time. Therefore, it is of great significance to take welding residual stress as an unfavorable factor to affect the mechanical properties of H-shaped steel with wave webs into its mechanical analysis and design. In this paper, the relevant literature and research results are summarized, and the design theory of corrugated steel web is combined with the theory of welding heat. The finite element simulation of welding residual stress of H-shaped steel beam with corrugated webs is carried out by using the thermal-structural coupling analysis function of ANSYS, a general finite element software. The distribution of welding residual stress and deformation of corrugated steel web beam is obtained. And it is deeply analyzed. By analyzing the distribution of welding residual stress of H-shaped steel beam with corrugated web, it is found that the complexity of welding process will interfere with the distribution of residual stress. This is much more complicated than the stress distribution in single weld welding. At the same time, the influence of microstructure transformation on residual stress during welding process is analyzed. Then, the distribution of welding residual stress of H-shaped steel beam with wave webs is combined with its bending and shear properties, and it is concluded that the residual stress of the lower flange plate has no small reduction to its bending performance. The effect of welding residual stress on shear resistance of web is not significant. By studying the summation of welding deformation and structural mechanical properties of the H-shaped steel with corrugated webs, it is pointed out that the welding deformation will permanently change the plate size of H-shaped steel beams with corrugated webs and the distortion properties of the structures. After analyzing the possible disadvantageous factors of welding residual stress and welding deformation to the H-shaped steel beam with corrugated webs, some suggestions are put forward for the design and manufacture of the H-shaped steel with wave webs through structural design and improvement of welding process. To reduce or eliminate welding residual stress and welding deformation damage to the structure. The effects of weld size and form, welding groove, input of welding heat source and welding method on welding residual stress and welding deformation were explained respectively. Finally, a new welding process is proposed, which can improve the welding efficiency and effectively reduce the residual stress in the welding process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG404

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