發(fā)布時間：2018-11-17 21:37

【摘要】：焊接是鋼結構工程中連接的主要方式。隨著鋼結構的發(fā)展,20世紀末以來在建筑行業(yè)中地應用日益廣泛。然而在鋼材的焊接階段中,受到了材料相變、位移約束和溫度場的不均勻分布等各方面因素,導致在焊接結束后的焊件中出現(xiàn)了殘余應力與變形,是影響焊接結構裂紋萌生和擴展、降低鋼材的各方面功能的關鍵因素。另外,雖然許多相關專業(yè)人員針對此問題進行了焊接工藝的改良、設置加勁肋等有效措施,但是焊縫密集以及焊縫形狀復雜等所導致的焊接殘余應力更需要受到研究人員的重視,同時應該對這種安全隱患所造成的危害進行更深入的認識。所以把焊接殘余應力作為影響波形腹板H形鋼的受力性能的不利因素融入到其受力分析與設計中是有非常重要的意義的。本文對相關文獻與研究成果進行歸納總結,將波形鋼腹板設計理論與焊接熱學理論相結合,使用大型通用有限元軟件ANSYS熱-結構耦合分析功能對波形腹板H形鋼梁的焊接殘余應力進行有限元模擬計算。得出波形鋼腹板梁的焊接殘余應力以及變形的分布情況。并對其進行了深入的分析。通過分析波形腹板H形鋼梁的焊接殘余應力分布情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)焊接過程的復雜性會干擾其殘余應力的分布。這要比單一焊縫焊接時的應力分布復雜很多。同時還分析了焊接過程中金相組織轉換對殘余應力的影響。然后將波形腹板H形鋼梁焊接殘余應力的分布情況與其抗彎性能、抗剪性能等力學性能進行結合分析,得出下翼緣板殘余應力對其抗彎性能有著不小的降低,腹板的焊接殘余應力對其抗剪性能的影響并不顯著。通過將波形腹板H形鋼的焊接變形與結構受力性能總和研究,指出其焊接變形將會永久地改變波形腹板H形鋼梁的板件尺寸以及結構的扭曲性能。在分析了焊接殘余應力以及焊接變形對波形腹板H形鋼梁有可能造成不利因素之后,通過結構設計以及焊接工藝改善這兩方面對波形腹板H形鋼的設計制造提出建議,達到降低或是消除焊接殘余應力以及焊接變形對結構造成的危害。分別說明了焊接時焊縫的尺寸和形式、焊接坡口、焊接熱源的輸入以及焊接方法的選擇對焊接殘余應力和焊接變形的影響。最后提出使用新型焊接工藝,這樣能夠提高焊接效率,有效地降低焊接過程中產生的殘余應力。
[Abstract]:Welding is the main way of connection in steel structure engineering. With the development of steel structure, it has been widely used in the construction industry since the end of the 20th century. However, in the welding stage of steel, the residual stress and deformation appear in the welded parts after welding due to the material phase transition, displacement constraints and uneven distribution of temperature field, etc. It is the key factor that affects the crack initiation and propagation of welded structure and reduces the function of steel in all aspects. In addition, although many relevant professionals have improved the welding process and set up stiffening ribs to solve this problem, But the welding residual stress caused by the dense weld seam and the complicated weld shape should be paid more attention by researchers and the harm caused by this kind of safety hidden danger should be deeply understood at the same time. Therefore, it is of great significance to take welding residual stress as an unfavorable factor to affect the mechanical properties of H-shaped steel with wave webs into its mechanical analysis and design. In this paper, the relevant literature and research results are summarized, and the design theory of corrugated steel web is combined with the theory of welding heat. The finite element simulation of welding residual stress of H-shaped steel beam with corrugated webs is carried out by using the thermal-structural coupling analysis function of ANSYS, a general finite element software. The distribution of welding residual stress and deformation of corrugated steel web beam is obtained. And it is deeply analyzed. By analyzing the distribution of welding residual stress of H-shaped steel beam with corrugated web, it is found that the complexity of welding process will interfere with the distribution of residual stress. This is much more complicated than the stress distribution in single weld welding. At the same time, the influence of microstructure transformation on residual stress during welding process is analyzed. Then, the distribution of welding residual stress of H-shaped steel beam with wave webs is combined with its bending and shear properties, and it is concluded that the residual stress of the lower flange plate has no small reduction to its bending performance. The effect of welding residual stress on shear resistance of web is not significant. By studying the summation of welding deformation and structural mechanical properties of the H-shaped steel with corrugated webs, it is pointed out that the welding deformation will permanently change the plate size of H-shaped steel beams with corrugated webs and the distortion properties of the structures. After analyzing the possible disadvantageous factors of welding residual stress and welding deformation to the H-shaped steel beam with corrugated webs, some suggestions are put forward for the design and manufacture of the H-shaped steel with wave webs through structural design and improvement of welding process. To reduce or eliminate welding residual stress and welding deformation damage to the structure. The effects of weld size and form, welding groove, input of welding heat source and welding method on welding residual stress and welding deformation were explained respectively. Finally, a new welding process is proposed, which can improve the welding efficiency and effectively reduce the residual stress in the welding process.
【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG404

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本文編號：2339109