【摘要】：隨著社會科技與納米技術的不斷發(fā)展,精密化和微型化是現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)加工的重要發(fā)展方向之一,微機電系統(tǒng)(MEMS)因其體積小、能耗低、集成度高等一系列優(yōu)勢被視為21世紀最重要的發(fā)展技術之一,在許多精密儀器行業(yè)有著廣泛的應用需求。在微細加工領域中,微細電火花加工屬于非接觸性加工,它擁有低加工應力、加工效果無毛刺和易處理高硬度質料的長處,普遍地應用在航空航天、汽車、生物醫(yī)療儀器這些行業(yè),是加工微細軸、孔、深小孔最重要的手段之一,其研究和發(fā)展一直是工業(yè)界與學術界的關注對象。本文的研究目的主要包括微細電火花加工微能脈沖電源的研究及其放電控制系統(tǒng)的研究。首先簡要綜述了微細電火花加工的研究背景及意義,介紹了微細電火花加工技術的產生、發(fā)展歷程及國內外現(xiàn)狀,研究分析了微細電火花的加工機理及放電特性。根據微細電火花加工電源的高頻、微能特性,設計了以RC放電為主放電回路的可控RC脈沖電源拓撲電路,該電源主要包括了EMI濾波模塊、PWM驅動模塊、數(shù)據采集模塊、短路保護模塊、上下機通訊模塊,電源以MOSFET晶體管作為高頻開關控件,采用小電阻限流,得到高頻窄脈寬電壓,實現(xiàn)微細能量加工。本文設計的電源加工控制系統(tǒng)是以FPGA,即現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列和Nios軟核系統(tǒng)處理器作為控制中樞,可以完成加工電壓及電流的信號采集并且充當脈沖發(fā)生器,采用衰減電路及八位數(shù)據并聯(lián)采集的方法采集加工間隙平均電壓和加工電流設置上下閾值判斷電火花加工狀態(tài),以RS232串口通訊實現(xiàn)上位機對電源加工參數(shù)的調節(jié)。微細電火花加工平臺為多功能微機床三維加工平臺,該平臺以Lab VIEW程序設計塊電極反拷、電火花打孔的進給回退伺服控制界面,具有伺服控制精度高、響應速度快的特點。本文所設計研究的微細電火花加工電源具有放電頻率高,放電脈寬窄,放電能量小以及加工穩(wěn)定性好的特點。通過進行塊反拷加工微細軸和微細孔加工實驗可以驗證所設計的微能脈沖加工電源的性能可靠性及加工穩(wěn)定性,通過改變電參數(shù)及加工條件,可對微細電火花加工進行加工效率及加工精度、電極損耗的研究。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of social science and technology and nanotechnology, precision and miniaturization is one of the important development directions in modern manufacturing industry. The (MEMS) of MEMS is small in size and low in energy consumption. A series of advantages such as high integration are regarded as one of the most important developing technologies in the 21st century, and they are widely used in many precision instrument industries. In the field of micro machining, micro EDM belongs to non contact machining. It has the advantages of low processing stress, no burr and easy processing of high hardness materials. It is widely used in aerospace, automobile, Biomedical apparatus is one of the most important means to process microaxes, holes and deep holes. The research and development of biomedical instruments have always been the focus of industry and academia. The purpose of this paper mainly includes the research of micro-EDM micro-energy pulse power supply and its discharge control system. Firstly, the research background and significance of micro EDM are briefly reviewed, the generation, development and current situation of micro EDM are introduced, and the mechanism and discharge characteristics of micro EDM are analyzed. According to the characteristics of high frequency and micro energy of micro EDM power supply, a controllable RC pulse power supply topology circuit is designed, which is mainly composed of EMI filter module, PWM driver module and data acquisition module. The short circuit protection module, the communication module, the MOSFET transistor as the high frequency switch control, the low resistance current limiting, the high frequency narrow pulse width voltage are obtained, and the micro energy processing is realized. The power supply machining control system designed in this paper uses FPGA, (Field Programmable Gate Array) and Nios soft Core system processor as the control center, which can complete the signal acquisition of processing voltage and current and act as pulse generator. The average voltage and current of machining gap are collected by the method of attenuation circuit and 8-bit data acquisition in parallel. The state of EDM is judged by setting up and down threshold of machining current, and the adjustment of power processing parameters by RS232 serial port communication is realized. The micro EDM platform is a multifunctional 3D machining platform for micro machine tools. The platform uses Lab VIEW program to design the block electrode reverse cuff and the feed back and back servo control interface of EDM perforation, which has the characteristics of high servo control precision and fast response speed. The micro-EDM power supply designed in this paper has the characteristics of high discharge frequency, narrow discharge pulse width, low discharge energy and good machining stability. The performance reliability and machining stability of the designed micro-energy pulse machining power supply can be verified by the experiments of block reverse cuffing machining micro-shaft and micro-hole machining. By changing electrical parameters and processing conditions, the reliability and machining stability of the designed micro-energy pulse machining power supply can be verified. The machining efficiency, machining precision and electrode loss of micro EDM can be studied.
【學位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG661

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