【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)科技與納米技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,精密化和微型化是現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)加工的重要發(fā)展方向之一,微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)(MEMS)因其體積小、能耗低、集成度高等一系列優(yōu)勢(shì)被視為21世紀(jì)最重要的發(fā)展技術(shù)之一,在許多精密儀器行業(yè)有著廣泛的應(yīng)用需求。在微細(xì)加工領(lǐng)域中,微細(xì)電火花加工屬于非接觸性加工,它擁有低加工應(yīng)力、加工效果無(wú)毛刺和易處理高硬度質(zhì)料的長(zhǎng)處,普遍地應(yīng)用在航空航天、汽車、生物醫(yī)療儀器這些行業(yè),是加工微細(xì)軸、孔、深小孔最重要的手段之一,其研究和發(fā)展一直是工業(yè)界與學(xué)術(shù)界的關(guān)注對(duì)象。本文的研究目的主要包括微細(xì)電火花加工微能脈沖電源的研究及其放電控制系統(tǒng)的研究。首先簡(jiǎn)要綜述了微細(xì)電火花加工的研究背景及意義,介紹了微細(xì)電火花加工技術(shù)的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展歷程及國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀,研究分析了微細(xì)電火花的加工機(jī)理及放電特性。根據(jù)微細(xì)電火花加工電源的高頻、微能特性,設(shè)計(jì)了以RC放電為主放電回路的可控RC脈沖電源拓?fù)潆娐?該電源主要包括了EMI濾波模塊、PWM驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊、數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊、短路保護(hù)模塊、上下機(jī)通訊模塊,電源以MOSFET晶體管作為高頻開關(guān)控件,采用小電阻限流,得到高頻窄脈寬電壓,實(shí)現(xiàn)微細(xì)能量加工。本文設(shè)計(jì)的電源加工控制系統(tǒng)是以FPGA,即現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門陣列和Nios軟核系統(tǒng)處理器作為控制中樞,可以完成加工電壓及電流的信號(hào)采集并且充當(dāng)脈沖發(fā)生器,采用衰減電路及八位數(shù)據(jù)并聯(lián)采集的方法采集加工間隙平均電壓和加工電流設(shè)置上下閾值判斷電火花加工狀態(tài),以RS232串口通訊實(shí)現(xiàn)上位機(jī)對(duì)電源加工參數(shù)的調(diào)節(jié)。微細(xì)電火花加工平臺(tái)為多功能微機(jī)床三維加工平臺(tái),該平臺(tái)以Lab VIEW程序設(shè)計(jì)塊電極反拷、電火花打孔的進(jìn)給回退伺服控制界面,具有伺服控制精度高、響應(yīng)速度快的特點(diǎn)。本文所設(shè)計(jì)研究的微細(xì)電火花加工電源具有放電頻率高,放電脈寬窄,放電能量小以及加工穩(wěn)定性好的特點(diǎn)。通過(guò)進(jìn)行塊反拷加工微細(xì)軸和微細(xì)孔加工實(shí)驗(yàn)可以驗(yàn)證所設(shè)計(jì)的微能脈沖加工電源的性能可靠性及加工穩(wěn)定性,通過(guò)改變電參數(shù)及加工條件,可對(duì)微細(xì)電火花加工進(jìn)行加工效率及加工精度、電極損耗的研究。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of social science and technology and nanotechnology, precision and miniaturization is one of the important development directions in modern manufacturing industry. The (MEMS) of MEMS is small in size and low in energy consumption. A series of advantages such as high integration are regarded as one of the most important developing technologies in the 21st century, and they are widely used in many precision instrument industries. In the field of micro machining, micro EDM belongs to non contact machining. It has the advantages of low processing stress, no burr and easy processing of high hardness materials. It is widely used in aerospace, automobile, Biomedical apparatus is one of the most important means to process microaxes, holes and deep holes. The research and development of biomedical instruments have always been the focus of industry and academia. The purpose of this paper mainly includes the research of micro-EDM micro-energy pulse power supply and its discharge control system. Firstly, the research background and significance of micro EDM are briefly reviewed, the generation, development and current situation of micro EDM are introduced, and the mechanism and discharge characteristics of micro EDM are analyzed. According to the characteristics of high frequency and micro energy of micro EDM power supply, a controllable RC pulse power supply topology circuit is designed, which is mainly composed of EMI filter module, PWM driver module and data acquisition module. The short circuit protection module, the communication module, the MOSFET transistor as the high frequency switch control, the low resistance current limiting, the high frequency narrow pulse width voltage are obtained, and the micro energy processing is realized. The power supply machining control system designed in this paper uses FPGA, (Field Programmable Gate Array) and Nios soft Core system processor as the control center, which can complete the signal acquisition of processing voltage and current and act as pulse generator. The average voltage and current of machining gap are collected by the method of attenuation circuit and 8-bit data acquisition in parallel. The state of EDM is judged by setting up and down threshold of machining current, and the adjustment of power processing parameters by RS232 serial port communication is realized. The micro EDM platform is a multifunctional 3D machining platform for micro machine tools. The platform uses Lab VIEW program to design the block electrode reverse cuff and the feed back and back servo control interface of EDM perforation, which has the characteristics of high servo control precision and fast response speed. The micro-EDM power supply designed in this paper has the characteristics of high discharge frequency, narrow discharge pulse width, low discharge energy and good machining stability. The performance reliability and machining stability of the designed micro-energy pulse machining power supply can be verified by the experiments of block reverse cuffing machining micro-shaft and micro-hole machining. By changing electrical parameters and processing conditions, the reliability and machining stability of the designed micro-energy pulse machining power supply can be verified. The machining efficiency, machining precision and electrode loss of micro EDM can be studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG661

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本文編號(hào)：2314790