【摘要】：機械零件表面并非絕對光滑面是具有一定形式的粗糙度,當(dāng)兩個表面接觸時是表面間的較高微凸體發(fā)生接觸。潤滑導(dǎo)軌結(jié)合面在細、微觀尺度上是流體潤滑與微凸體接觸共存的狀態(tài)。目前關(guān)于結(jié)合面微凸體的研究大多建立在球形或者橢球形假設(shè)上,而且取得了相關(guān)的研究成果。但是對于磨削、刨削等加工產(chǎn)生的圓柱形微凸體的研究相對較少,大多停留在單個微凸體的彈性接觸階段。結(jié)合面間潤滑油的存在可以有效地改善其穩(wěn)定性,在接觸分析時不應(yīng)該忽略潤滑接觸過程中油膜的影響。因此,基于圓柱微凸體模型綜合考慮彈塑性接觸變形和潤滑因素,建立更加完善的動力學(xué)接觸模型,研究結(jié)合面的接觸及油膜剛度特性,對機床動、靜態(tài)特性的分析與結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計都具有重要的理論意義與工程價值。以機床潤滑導(dǎo)軌結(jié)合面為研究對象,通過理論模型推導(dǎo)、數(shù)值分析、有限元分析與實驗分析相結(jié)合的方式對結(jié)合面接觸特性進行對比和研究,主要工作內(nèi)容如下:(1)基于圓柱微凸體在彈性、彈塑性和塑性變形階段的接觸特性和Tresca屈服條件,推導(dǎo)了適用范圍更廣的綜合考慮三個階段接觸變形影響的法向和切向接觸剛度模型。并使用MATLAB軟件對模型進行數(shù)值仿真分析,研究了微觀條件下結(jié)合面分形維數(shù)、分形幅度系數(shù)和法向載荷對接觸剛度的影響。(2)綜合考慮潤滑因素的影響,運用彈流潤滑理論、平均流動的廣義Reynolds方程與部分膜潤滑方程,建立了基于串并聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)的考慮入口油膜剛度、接觸區(qū)油膜剛度和接觸區(qū)法向剛度的綜合剛度模型。(3)基于表面微觀形貌具有自相似特征,利用TR200型手持式粗糙度儀測定了滑塊-導(dǎo)軌結(jié)合面的分形維數(shù)、分形幅度參數(shù),為研究表面微觀形貌對構(gòu)件固有頻率的影響提供真實數(shù)據(jù),并得出所推導(dǎo)綜合剛度模型的理論計算值。(4)通過滑塊-導(dǎo)軌實驗平臺模態(tài)實驗對結(jié)合面的剛度模型進行驗證�；趩巫杂啥认到y(tǒng)結(jié)合面的單位面積等效剛度識別方法,獲取單位面積的等效剛度,驗證導(dǎo)軌結(jié)合面的數(shù)學(xué)模型。動態(tài)剛度試驗采用單因素法,分析滑動速度、面壓、有無潤滑油等各因素對滑動結(jié)合面動剛度的影響規(guī)律;對比干摩擦和潤滑狀態(tài),分析潤滑油膜在結(jié)合面剛度中的貢獻。(5)從宏微觀相結(jié)合的角度出發(fā),重構(gòu)結(jié)合面為“固-等效間隙層-固”模型,將結(jié)合面等效為一種虛擬材料。基于本文前期推導(dǎo)的剛度公式,由外力所做的功和模態(tài)應(yīng)變能等效的方法,得出等效間隙層材料參數(shù),并進行有限元預(yù)應(yīng)力模態(tài)分析。最后結(jié)合實驗完成了對導(dǎo)軌結(jié)合面等效間隙模型的驗證。
[Abstract]:The surface of mechanical parts is not absolutely smooth and has a certain form of roughness. When two surfaces are in contact with each other, the higher convex surfaces are in contact with each other. The interface of lubricating guideway is the coexistence of fluid lubrication and microconvex contact on fine and micro scale. At present, most of the researches on the microconvex body of bonding surface are based on the spherical or ellipsoid hypothesis, and some related research results have been obtained. However, the research on cylindrical microconvex produced by grinding, planing and other machining is relatively few, and most of them stay in the elastic contact stage of single microconvex. The stability of interfacial lubricating oil can be improved effectively, and the influence of oil film in lubrication contact process should not be ignored in contact analysis. Therefore, based on the consideration of elastoplastic contact deformation and lubrication factors, a more perfect dynamic contact model is established, and the contact and oil film stiffness characteristics of the interface are studied. The analysis of static characteristics and structural optimization design have important theoretical significance and engineering value. In this paper, the contact characteristics of the lubrication guideway of machine tool are compared and studied by theoretical model derivation, numerical analysis, finite element analysis and experimental analysis. The main work is as follows: (1) based on the contact characteristics and Tresca yield conditions of cylindrical microconvex in elastic, elastoplastic and plastic deformation stages, The normal and tangential contact stiffness models with a wider range of applications considering the effects of contact deformation at three stages are derived. The influence of fractal dimension, fractal amplitude coefficient and normal load on contact stiffness is studied by using MATLAB software. (2) the influence of lubrication factors is considered synthetically. Based on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory, the generalized Reynolds equation of average flow and the partial film lubrication equation, the stiffness of the inlet oil film is established based on the series-parallel structure. The integrated stiffness model of oil film stiffness and normal stiffness of contact zone. (3) based on the self-similarity of the surface morphology, the fractal dimension and fractal amplitude parameters of the slider-guideway joint surface were measured by TR200 hand-held roughness instrument. In order to study the influence of the surface microtopography on the natural frequency of the component, the theoretical calculation value of the derived comprehensive stiffness model is obtained. (4) the stiffness model of the combined surface is verified by the mode experiment of the slider-guide-rail experimental platform. Based on the method of identifying the equivalent stiffness per unit area of the single degree of freedom system, the equivalent stiffness of the unit area is obtained, and the mathematical model of the guide rail joint surface is verified. The single factor method is used to analyze the influence of sliding speed, surface pressure and lubricating oil on the dynamic stiffness of sliding joint. Compared with dry friction and lubrication, the contribution of lubricating oil film to the stiffness of bonding surface is analyzed. (5) from the point of view of macro and micro combination, the model of "solid-equivalent clearance lamella-solid" is reconstructed. The bonding surface is equivalent to a virtual material. Based on the stiffness formula derived earlier in this paper, the equivalent gap layer material parameters are obtained by the method of equivalent work and modal strain energy done by external force, and the finite element prestressing modal analysis is carried out. Finally, the equivalent clearance model of the guide rail joint surface is verified by experiments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG502

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