【摘要】：大重型軋輥磨床是廣泛應(yīng)用于冶金、造紙、造船等行業(yè)用于大型軋輥等零件加工的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備。其磨削精度及磨削效率主要受其砂輪主軸轉(zhuǎn)速及旋轉(zhuǎn)精度影響,而砂輪主軸支撐系統(tǒng)的核心部件前端液體動靜壓徑向軸承是決定其轉(zhuǎn)速及旋轉(zhuǎn)精度的關(guān)鍵。論文以貴陽險峰機(jī)床廠新研制的MK84250大重型軋輥磨床砂輪主軸支撐系統(tǒng)的核心部件—主軸前軸承為研究對象。主要針對其承載能力、溫升等影響工作性能的關(guān)鍵因素進(jìn)行計(jì)算和校核,獲得了適合于此種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)軸承的簡便計(jì)算方法,并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了計(jì)算方法的正確性;在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了適應(yīng)于MK84250砂輪主軸結(jié)構(gòu)的新結(jié)構(gòu)軸承,并通過計(jì)算和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了結(jié)構(gòu)的可行性和合理性。1、研究了MK84250在用液體動靜壓軸承求解過程。對軋輥磨床結(jié)構(gòu),在用液體動靜壓軸承典型三油腔結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了介紹;對軸承受力情況及軸承工作過程進(jìn)行了分析,明確了軸承的受載情況并對其所受載荷進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。2、研究分析了該軸承動壓油膜的的求解域的確定方法,求解域的起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)取決于偏位角的確定。在用準(zhǔn)二維方法求解油膜壓力時,提出了一種新的簡易的計(jì)算偏位角的方法。對液體動靜壓軸承的求解流程進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)和分析,并對求解過程及關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。根據(jù)計(jì)算流程,推導(dǎo)雷諾方程的量綱一化公式,通過數(shù)值計(jì)算利用MATLAB工具獲得了油膜的無量綱和有量綱的油膜分布情況,擬合獲得了承載量系數(shù)—偏心率(S_0-ε)方程及曲線,在此基礎(chǔ)上對45m/s和60m/s極限速度情況下軸承的承載能力及溫升進(jìn)行了計(jì)算和校核。同時對軸承流量、溫度及剛度進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測,對檢測數(shù)據(jù)的分析證明了計(jì)算過程和方法的正確性和可行性。3、論文研究分析結(jié)果表明MK84250磨床當(dāng)砂輪磨削速度達(dá)60m/s時將導(dǎo)致主軸頭部軸承溫升過高而不能正常工作,這就需要對頭部主軸軸承相關(guān)組件進(jìn)行一系列的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì),才有可能解決溫升過高的問題。通過分析和計(jì)算,按照改造成本最小化原則,提出了改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的依據(jù)和方向,對靜壓油腔、軸承寬度進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)性設(shè)計(jì),以提高油流量,改善散熱條件。設(shè)計(jì)了寬徑比B/D=0.7雙列窄軸承,并對靜壓油腔油墊的承載能力進(jìn)行了校核。并對涉及到的相關(guān)零件結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了適應(yīng)性變動,如偏心套、環(huán)形油槽等,對原靜壓腔毛細(xì)管節(jié)流器進(jìn)行了分析計(jì)算。4、利用論文提出的方法對新結(jié)構(gòu)軸承的承載能力及溫升進(jìn)行了計(jì)算分析,研究和計(jì)算結(jié)果表明該新結(jié)構(gòu)軸承承載能力高于砂輪在45m/s速度下的原MK84250主軸軸承。新軸承在砂輪60m/s條件下其內(nèi)部有效溫度完全滿足溫度要求,且經(jīng)過初步計(jì)算分析,當(dāng)砂輪速度提高到70m/s時仍能正常工作。同時對新結(jié)構(gòu)軸承的溫升、泄油量以及剛度進(jìn)行了檢測試驗(yàn),其數(shù)據(jù)與理論計(jì)算的數(shù)據(jù)相近,驗(yàn)證了新結(jié)構(gòu)軸承設(shè)計(jì)的可用性。
[Abstract]:Large and heavy roller grinder is widely used in metallurgy, papermaking, shipbuilding and other industries for the processing of large rolls and other parts of the key equipment. The grinding accuracy and grinding efficiency are mainly affected by the rotational speed and rotation accuracy of the grinding wheel spindle, and the key to determine the rotational speed and rotation accuracy is the front end liquid static and static radial bearing, which is the core component of the grinding wheel spindle support system. The research object of this paper is the spindle front bearing, which is the core component of the spindle support system of MK84250 large and heavy roller grinder, which is newly developed by Guiyang Huanfeng Machine tool Factory. Based on the calculation and checking of the key factors such as bearing capacity, temperature rise and so on, a simple calculation method suitable for this special structure bearing is obtained, and the correctness of the calculation method is verified by experiments. On this basis, a new structure bearing suitable for the spindle structure of MK84250 grinding wheel is designed, and the feasibility and rationality of the structure are verified by calculation and experiment. 1. The solution process of MK84250 with liquid hydrostatic bearing is studied. The structure of roller grinder and the typical three-oil cavity structure of hydrostatic and hydrostatic bearing are introduced. The bearing stress and bearing working process are analyzed, and the bearing load is determined and the load is calculated. 2. The method of determining the solution region of the bearing dynamic pressure oil film is studied and analyzed. The starting coordinates of the solution domain depend on the determination of the offset angle. In this paper, a new and simple method for calculating the offset angle is presented when the oil film pressure is solved by using the quasi two dimensional method. The design and analysis of the solution flow of the liquid hydrostatic bearing are carried out, and the solving process and key points are introduced in detail. According to the calculation flow, the dimensionality formula of Reynolds equation is deduced, and the dimensionless and dimensionless oil film distribution is obtained by numerical calculation using MATLAB tool. The equation and curve of bearing capacity coefficient eccentricity (S _ 0- 蔚) are obtained by fitting. On this basis, the bearing capacity and temperature rise of bearing under the condition of 45m/s and 60m/s limit velocity are calculated and checked. At the same time, the flow rate, temperature and stiffness of the bearing are tested experimentally. The analysis of the test data proves the correctness and feasibility of the calculation process and method. The research and analysis results show that when the grinding speed of MK84250 grinder is up to 60m/s, the temperature rise of spindle head bearing will be too high and it can not work normally, which requires a series of improvement design for head spindle bearing related components. It is possible to solve the problem of excessive temperature rise. Through analysis and calculation, according to the principle of minimization of revamping cost, the basis and direction of improved design are put forward, and the improved design of hydrostatic oil chamber and bearing width is carried out in order to increase oil flow rate and improve heat dissipation condition. Double row narrow bearing with wide diameter ratio (B/D=0.7) was designed, and the bearing capacity of hydrostatic oil gasket was checked. The structure of the related parts is changed adaptively, such as eccentricity sleeve, annular oil tank and so on. The capillary throttle of the original hydrostatic cavity is analyzed and calculated. The bearing capacity and temperature rise of the new structure bearing are calculated and analyzed by using the method proposed in this paper. The results show that the bearing capacity of the new structure bearing is higher than that of the original MK84250 spindle bearing of the grinding wheel at 45m/s speed. The internal effective temperature of the new bearing fully meets the temperature requirement under the condition of grinding wheel 60m/s, and after preliminary calculation and analysis, when the wheel speed is increased to 70m/s, it can still work normally. At the same time, the temperature rise, oil discharge and stiffness of the new structure bearing are tested, and the data are close to the theoretical calculation data, which verifies the usability of the new structure bearing design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TG595.4

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