【摘要】：非回轉對稱曲面光學元件以其優(yōu)越的光學性能已成為光電信息技術與光通信技術中的核心元器件,并在空間探索、航空航天、國防以及民生等眾多領域被廣泛且普遍應用。由于非回轉對稱曲面光學元件的表面形貌復雜、面形精度要求高,傳統(tǒng)的曲面加工技術以及LIGA技術、蝕刻技術等新近發(fā)展的曲面加工技術都不能實現(xiàn)非回轉對稱曲面光學元件高效率、高精度、大批量加工。隨著超精密金剛石車床與快速刀具伺服系統(tǒng)的研究發(fā)展,基于快速刀具伺服(Fast Tool Servo,FTS)系統(tǒng)的金剛石刀具車削加工技術已經(jīng)成為了一種高效率、高精度、高柔性的非回轉對稱曲面光學元件加工技術。其中,漸進式鏡片曲面是一種典型的非回轉對稱曲面,它是一種擁有多個焦距的鏡片曲面,區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的老花鏡曲面,漸進式鏡片曲面沒有使用雙焦距老花鏡時眼球必須不斷切換適應不同焦距的疲勞感,已經(jīng)成為老視人群的最佳選擇。但目前漸進式鏡片的驗配時間長、價格昂貴,實現(xiàn)其高效率、高精度、低價格加工的實現(xiàn)是一個亟待解決的問題。為實現(xiàn)漸進式鏡片曲面元件的加工,本文根據(jù)給定性能要求設計一款FTS裝置。通過對FTS裝置設計過程的運動參數(shù)尤其是其加速度的進行分析,且根據(jù)漸進式鏡片曲面面形完成FTS裝置的帶寬設計,并根據(jù)漸進式鏡片曲面切削深度確實FTS裝置行程。為保證漸進式鏡片曲面的加工精度,設計的FTS裝置影具有大的帶寬,也就是較高的頻率響應,由于鏡片曲面不同位置的高度差較大,達到毫米級,設計的FYS裝置應具備較大的工作行程。并對加工過程中切削力與切削角度變化進行分析,根據(jù)分析結果完成FTS裝置的布局形式以及導向機構、驅動裝置、傳感器的選擇。根據(jù)FTS裝置的結構布局和元件選擇完成其主要構成部分:空氣靜壓導軌、金剛石刀具刀架等結構設計與有限元分析以及氣浮裝置的設計與參數(shù)計算。并根據(jù)上述分析完成FTS裝置的整體結構設計。根據(jù)漸進式鏡片曲面的面形方程完成金剛石刀具幾何參數(shù)的選擇,利用MATLAB完成鏡片曲面切削加工軌跡規(guī)劃并離散出刀具刀尖點位置的數(shù)據(jù)點,確定機床主軸、X向工作臺與FTS裝置的運動軌跡曲線。采用等距點法計算刀尖離散數(shù)據(jù)點在二維徑向截面輪廓曲線上的等距點,并采用埃爾米特插值完成離散數(shù)據(jù)點的刀尖圓弧半徑補償。本文分析了FTS裝置通過試切法減少對刀誤差和刀具中心高誤差對漸進式鏡片曲面加工面形精度的影響。為減少FTS裝置對刀的刀具中心高誤差,基于螺旋微分頭設計一臺高剛度、高分辨率的精密升降臺�；谝陨涎芯�,采用FTS裝置在自主研究的精密金剛石車床上完成漸進式鏡片曲面的加工,并對加工結果進行檢測分析,驗證FTS裝置結構設計和刀具刀尖點運動軌跡規(guī)劃的正確性。
[Abstract]:Non-rotational curved surface optical elements have become the core components of optoelectronic information technology and optical communication technology due to their superior optical properties and have been widely used in many fields such as space exploration aerospace national defense and people's livelihood. Due to the complexity of surface morphology and the high precision of surface shape of non-rotational symmetric curved surface optical elements, traditional curved surface processing technology and LIGA technology, Recently developed surface machining techniques such as etching technology can not realize high efficiency, high precision and mass machining of non-rotational symmetric curved surface optical elements. With the development of ultra-precision diamond lathe and rapid cutting tool servo system, the diamond tool turning technology based on fast tool servo (Fast Tool Servo,FTS system has become a kind of high efficiency and high precision. High flexible machining technology for non-rotational symmetric curved surface optical elements. Among them, the progressive lens surface is a typical non-rotational symmetric surface, it is a lens surface with multiple focal lengths, which is different from the traditional presbyopic glasses surface. Progressive lens surface without double focus presbyopic glasses has become the best choice for the elderly people because their eyeballs must constantly change and adapt to the fatigue of different focal lengths when they do not use double focus presbyopic glasses. However, it is an urgent problem to realize the high efficiency, high precision and low price processing of the progressive lens because of its long matching time and high price. In order to realize the machining of the progressive lens surface element, a FTS device is designed according to the given performance requirements. Based on the analysis of the motion parameters, especially the acceleration of the FTS device, the bandwidth of the FTS device is designed according to the surface shape of the progressive lens, and the stroke of the FTS device is confirmed according to the cutting depth of the progressive lens surface. In order to ensure the machining accuracy of the progressive lens surface, the FTS device designed has a large bandwidth, that is, a higher frequency response. Because of the large height difference in different positions of the lens surface, it reaches the millimeter level. The designed FYS device should have a larger working stroke. The changes of cutting force and cutting angle during machining are analyzed. According to the analysis results, the layout of FTS device and the selection of guiding mechanism, driving device and sensor are completed. According to the structure layout and component selection of FTS device, the main components are designed and analyzed by finite element method, such as air static guide rail, diamond tool holder, and air floatation device design and parameter calculation. According to the above analysis, the overall structure design of FTS device is completed. According to the surface equation of progressive lens surface, the geometric parameters of diamond tool are selected, and the cutting path planning of lens surface is completed by MATLAB, and the data points of cutter tip position are discretized. Determine the track curve of machine tool spindle, X-direction table and FTS device. The isometric point method is used to calculate the equidistant points of the discrete data points on the 2-D radial section contour curve, and the Hermite interpolation is used to compensate the radius of the cutter tip of the discrete data points. In this paper, the influence of tool error and tool center height error on the machining accuracy of progressive lens surface in FTS device is analyzed by means of trial cutting method. In order to reduce the error of tool center height in FTS device, a precise lifting platform with high stiffness and high resolution was designed based on helical differential head. Based on the above research, the FTS device is used to finish the machining of the progressive lens surface on the precision diamond lathe, and the processing results are tested and analyzed. Verify the correctness of FTS device structure design and tool tip motion trajectory planning.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG51

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 丁煥琪;羅善明;常雪峰;謝丹;舒霞云;;微透鏡陣列快刀伺服車削進刀路徑生成與優(yōu)化研究[J];現(xiàn)代制造工程;2016年07期

2 洪秀軍;尹自強;田富竟;翟德德;;基于液體靜壓導軌的大行程快刀伺服系統(tǒng)設計[J];航空精密制造技術;2016年03期

3 田富竟;尹自強;李圣怡;;音圈電機驅動的快刀伺服系統(tǒng)性能測試[J];國防科技大學學報;2015年06期

4 吳慶玲;;光學自由曲面快速刀具伺服車削誤差的補償[J];光學精密工程;2015年09期

5 徐兵;張旭;王俊;劉強;;大行程快速刀具伺服裝置的設計[J];機械設計與制造;2014年08期

6 徐兵;王翠;許蓬子;;光學自由曲面超精密加工方法綜述[J];現(xiàn)代制造工程;2014年03期

7 Hong LU;Deug-Woo LEE;Sang-Min LEE;Jeong-Woo PARK;;Diamond machining of sinusoidal grid surface using fast tool servo system for fabrication of hydrophobic surface[J];Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China;2012年S3期

8 聞科捷;王貴林;尹自強;;用于精細微結構加工的快速刀具伺服系統(tǒng)設計[J];航空精密制造技術;2012年05期

9 朱登超;王貴林;楊海寬;;超精密快刀伺服加工復雜光學面形的技術研究[J];機械工程師;2010年09期

10 李榮彬;張志輝;杜雪;孔令豹;蔣金波;;自由曲面光學元件的設計、加工及面形測量的集成制造技術[J];機械工程學報;2010年11期

相關博士學位論文 前3條

1 劉強;利用快速刀具伺服車削光學自由曲面的研究[D];吉林大學;2012年

2 關朝亮;復雜光學曲面慢刀伺服超精密車削技術研究[D];國防科學技術大學;2010年

3 周林;光學鏡面離子束修形理論與工藝研究[D];國防科學技術大學;2008年

相關碩士學位論文 前3條

1 白志斌;自由曲面車削中變刀具角度伺服裝置的研制[D];吉林大學;2014年

2 王剛;一種三維橢圓振動金剛石切削裝置的研制[D];吉林大學;2012年

3 胡元;基于音圈電機的快速伺服刀具驅動裝置研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學;2010年

，

本文編號：2268013