發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-17 13:40

【摘要】：超高轉(zhuǎn)速空氣靜壓電主軸是實(shí)現(xiàn)高精和高效切削的主體之一,是高端加工機(jī)床的核心功能部件,以氣浮支承和電磁直接驅(qū)動(dòng)為典型結(jié)構(gòu)特征,其綜合性能受到電、磁、氣、固、熱等多物理場的影響。本文面向我國微切削加工機(jī)床關(guān)鍵部件的重大應(yīng)用需求,圍繞超高轉(zhuǎn)速氣浮軸承的工作機(jī)理及性能增強(qiáng)機(jī)制、多物理場耦合作用下空氣靜壓電主軸系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)特性這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵科學(xué)間題,從分析方法和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)層面,通過多學(xué)科交叉融合,分析空氣靜壓軸承在超高轉(zhuǎn)速下的綜合特性,揭示人字槽微結(jié)構(gòu)對氣浮徑向軸承性能的作用規(guī)律,研究多物理場耦合作用下電主軸系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)特性,為我國高端加工裝備核心部件的自主研發(fā)提供基礎(chǔ)理論和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)支持。針對超高轉(zhuǎn)速空氣靜壓電主軸高速、精密和穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的工作需求,分析電主軸系統(tǒng)涉及的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),提出超高轉(zhuǎn)速空氣靜壓電主軸設(shè)計(jì)基本原則,確定超高轉(zhuǎn)速空氣靜壓電主軸核心部件以及整機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)方案。采用有限元法數(shù)值求解非線性可壓縮雷諾方程,推導(dǎo)含有速度項(xiàng)的雷諾方程有限元形式,提出有限元數(shù)值求解改進(jìn)方法；提出基于CFD的超高轉(zhuǎn)速氣浮軸承微結(jié)構(gòu)特性分析方法和氣浮電主軸系統(tǒng)多物理場耦合集成仿真分析方法,為超高轉(zhuǎn)速空氣靜壓電主軸系統(tǒng)的特性分析奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。為了研究空氣靜壓軸承在不同轉(zhuǎn)速和偏心率工況下的工作機(jī)理,基于有限元法數(shù)值求解非線性可壓縮雷諾方程,開發(fā)空氣靜壓徑向軸承和止推軸承性能分析程序,揭示靜壓效應(yīng)、動(dòng)壓效應(yīng)和動(dòng)靜壓混合效應(yīng)對超高轉(zhuǎn)速空氣靜壓徑向軸承性能的作用機(jī)理,分析空氣靜壓徑向軸承和止推軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對軸承性能的影響規(guī)律。建立計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)流場仿真模型,分析超高轉(zhuǎn)速工況下空氣靜壓軸承節(jié)流孔氣腔構(gòu)型和均壓槽等微小結(jié)構(gòu)對軸承性能的影響規(guī)律。提出錐面止推軸承的新型軸承構(gòu)型,分析錐面止推軸承的流場特性并辨識其性能參數(shù),通過與平面止推軸承性能對比表明,錐形結(jié)構(gòu)提高了空氣靜壓止推軸承的綜合性能。最后,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了氣浮軸承CFD仿真模型的有效性。為了研究人字槽微結(jié)構(gòu)對超高轉(zhuǎn)速氣浮徑向軸承的作用規(guī)律,首先揭示人字槽微結(jié)構(gòu)對氣浮徑向軸承的作用機(jī)理,提出人字槽微結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)基本原則。其次,基于氣體潤滑雷諾方程有限元數(shù)值求解方法,建立人字槽微結(jié)構(gòu)性能分析數(shù)學(xué)模型,揭示不同工況下人字槽微結(jié)構(gòu)幾何參數(shù)對動(dòng)壓徑向軸承和動(dòng)靜壓混合徑向軸承性能的作用規(guī)律。再次,基于正交數(shù)組試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法,通過靈敏度分析辨識人字槽微結(jié)構(gòu)幾何參數(shù)對動(dòng)壓徑向軸承和動(dòng)靜壓混合徑向軸承承載能力的貢獻(xiàn)程度。最后,研制11組尺寸參數(shù)的人字槽微結(jié)構(gòu),通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究不同轉(zhuǎn)速工況下人字槽微結(jié)構(gòu)對電主軸系統(tǒng)徑向跳動(dòng)的影響規(guī)律,結(jié)果表明人字槽微結(jié)構(gòu)能夠有效降低電主軸系統(tǒng)的徑向跳動(dòng)。為了研究超高轉(zhuǎn)速空氣靜壓電主軸系統(tǒng)在多物理場耦合作用下的穩(wěn)態(tài)特性,分析電主軸系統(tǒng)各物理場之間的相互作用關(guān)系,研究空氣靜壓電主軸系統(tǒng)多物理場分析中的電-磁-氣-固-熱各物理場子模型,基于Isight軟件建立超高轉(zhuǎn)速空氣靜壓電主軸系統(tǒng)多物理場集成仿真模型,分析多物理場耦合作用下電主軸系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)溫度場、結(jié)構(gòu)熱變形、氣浮軸承流場特性和軸芯的動(dòng)力學(xué)特性等。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究空氣靜壓電主軸系統(tǒng)的溫度場、結(jié)構(gòu)熱變形、耗氣量、軸芯自由模態(tài)、電主軸系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)等特性,驗(yàn)證了本文建立的超高轉(zhuǎn)速空氣靜壓電主軸系統(tǒng)多物理場集成仿真模型的有效性。
[Abstract]:Ultra-high speed Aerostatic Spindle is one of the main parts to achieve high precision and high efficiency cutting. It is the core functional components of high-end machining machine tools. Air bearing and electromagnetic direct drive are typical structural features. Its comprehensive performance is affected by many physical fields such as electricity, magnetism, gas, solid and heat. Major application requirements, focusing on the working mechanism and performance enhancement mechanism of super-high speed air bearing, and the steady-state characteristics of Aerostatic Spindle System under the coupling of multi-physical fields, the synthesis of aerostatic bearing under super-high speed is analyzed from the analysis method and key technical level through multi-disciplinary integration. This paper reveals the effect of herringbone groove microstructure on the performance of air bearing, studies the steady-state characteristics of motorized spindle system under multi-physical field coupling, and provides the basic theory and key technology support for the independent research and development of core components of high-end processing equipment in China. This paper analyzes the key technologies involved in the motorized spindle system, puts forward the basic design principles of the ultra-high speed aerostatic spindle, determines the core components of the ultra-high speed Aerostatic Spindle and the structural scheme of the whole machine. The finite element method is used to improve the finite element method, and the CFD-based microstructural analysis method of the ultra-high speed air bearing and the multi-physical field coupling integrated simulation method of the air-floated electric spindle system are proposed to lay a theoretical foundation for the analysis of the characteristics of the ultra-high speed Air-static piezoelectric spindle system. Based on the nonlinear compressible Reynolds equation, the performance analysis program of aerostatic journal bearings and thrust bearings is developed. The mechanism of hydrostatic effect, hydrodynamic effect and hydrodynamic-hydrostatic mixing effect on the performance of aerostatic journal bearings with super-high rotational speed is revealed, and the effect of air on the performance of aerostatic journal bearings with super-high rotational speed is analyzed. The influence of structural parameters of aerostatic journal bearings and thrust bearings on the performance of bearings is studied. A computational fluid dynamics flow field simulation model is established to analyze the influence of the configurations of throttle cavities and pressure-sharing grooves of aerostatic bearings on the performance of bearings at super-high speed. The flow field characteristics of the tapered thrust bearing are analyzed and its performance parameters are identified. The comparison with the plane thrust bearing shows that the tapered structure improves the comprehensive performance of the aerostatic thrust bearing. Firstly, the action mechanism of herringbone groove microstructure on air bearing is revealed, and the basic design principle of herringbone groove microstructure is put forward. Secondly, based on the finite element numerical solution method of Reynolds equation, a mathematical model of herringbone groove microstructure performance analysis is established to reveal the geometric parameters of herringbone groove microstructure under different working conditions. Thirdly, based on the orthogonal array design method, the contribution of herringbone groove geometric parameters to the bearing capacity of hydrodynamic journal bearings and hybrid journal bearings is identified by sensitivity analysis. Finally, 11 groups of herringbone groove Micro-Parameters are developed. The effect of herringbone groove microstructure on radial runout of motorized spindle system under different rotational speeds is studied experimentally. The results show that herringbone groove microstructure can effectively reduce radial runout of motorized spindle system. The interaction among the physical fields of the spindle system is studied. The electro-magnetic-gas-solid-thermal physical field models in the multi-physical field analysis of the Aerostatic Spindle system are studied. Based on Isight software, the multi-physical field integrated simulation model of the ultra-high speed Aerostatic Spindle System is established. The steady-state temperature of the spindle system under the coupling of multi-physical fields is analyzed. The temperature field, thermal deformation of the structure, flow field characteristics of the air bearing and dynamic characteristics of the spindle core are studied experimentally. The temperature field, thermal deformation of the structure, gas consumption, free mode of the spindle core and vibration of the motorized spindle system are studied. The multi-physical field integrated simulation of the ultra-high speed air static piezoelectric spindle system is validated. The validity of the model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TG502.3

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本文編號：2246096