【摘要】：靜壓回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)憑借其高精度、剛度強(qiáng)、磨損低、工作運(yùn)行壽命長等技術(shù)優(yōu)點(diǎn),得以在數(shù)控機(jī)床領(lǐng)域被大量應(yīng)用,其是立式數(shù)控機(jī)床一個(gè)重要的功能部件。而靜壓回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)油膜的剛度及其承載的能力基本都是由其油膜厚度來決定的,相對于傳統(tǒng)的恒壓供油液壓系統(tǒng),因?yàn)楣┯蛪毫κ且恢辈蛔兊?當(dāng)工作臺(tái)的外載重和液壓油的粘度發(fā)生改變時(shí)會(huì)引起工作臺(tái)油膜厚度的改變,從而影響靜壓工作臺(tái)的工作精度,降低回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)運(yùn)行的平穩(wěn)性。因此,為解決我國高精度、高承載且具有自適應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)能力的回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)幾乎全部依靠進(jìn)口的現(xiàn)狀,迫切需要改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有供油方式并提升工作臺(tái)油膜厚度控制的自動(dòng)化水平。在靜壓工作臺(tái)液壓工作系統(tǒng)方面,基于靜壓工作臺(tái)及其液壓供油系統(tǒng)基本原理,重點(diǎn)對開式靜壓導(dǎo)軌的結(jié)構(gòu)以及其恒流式液壓供油的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析;確定以開式恒流供油液體靜壓工作臺(tái)作為研究對象,并設(shè)計(jì)了一種控制工作臺(tái)油膜厚度的液壓供油方案。在油膜厚度控制方案方面,針對現(xiàn)有工作環(huán)境和研究要求,基于控制系統(tǒng)硬件選型依據(jù)及意義,為提高油膜厚度控制精度,提出采用西門子840Dsl通用數(shù)控系統(tǒng)和變頻器結(jié)合異步電機(jī)、多頭泵、靜壓回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)以及電渦流位移傳感器等部分環(huán)節(jié)構(gòu)成的完整閉環(huán)油膜控制方案,并建立了相應(yīng)控制環(huán)節(jié)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,同時(shí)推導(dǎo)出了頻率與油膜厚度之間的理論模型。在油膜厚度控制方法方面,為了驗(yàn)證電機(jī)頻率、油膜厚度理論模型的準(zhǔn)確性,基于西門子840Dsl數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了油膜厚度智能控制人機(jī)交互系統(tǒng)軟件,并根據(jù)油膜厚度檢測方式,搭建油膜厚度控制實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),驗(yàn)證了基于理論模型的油膜厚度調(diào)節(jié)方案的準(zhǔn)確性與可應(yīng)用性。同時(shí),在多次實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)提出了基于最小二乘法的油膜厚度控制調(diào)節(jié)方法,并進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)不僅進(jìn)一步論證了理論模型的合理性,而且修正了理論模型誤差,對油膜厚度控制精度更高,為實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用提供了有力支持。
[Abstract]:With its high precision, strong rigidity, low wear, long working life and other technical advantages, the hydrostatic rotary table has been widely used in the field of CNC machine tools, which is an important functional part of vertical CNC machine tools. And the stiffness of the oil film and the bearing capacity of the hydrostatic rotary table are basically determined by the thickness of the oil film. Compared with the traditional hydraulic system of constant pressure oil supply, the oil supply pressure is constant all the time. When the external load of the table and the viscosity of the hydraulic oil change, it will cause the change of the oil film thickness of the table, which will affect the working precision of the hydrostatic table and reduce the stability of the rotary table. Therefore, in order to solve the situation that the rotary table with high precision, high bearing capacity and adaptive adjusting ability depends on the imported almost all, it is urgent to improve the existing oil supply mode and raise the automation level of oil film thickness control of the table. In the aspect of hydraulic working system of hydrostatic table, based on the basic principle of hydrostatic table and its hydraulic oil supply system, the structure of open hydrostatic guide rail and the characteristics of its constant-flow hydraulic oil supply system are analyzed. The open constant flow hydrostatic table is chosen as the research object, and a hydraulic oil supply scheme is designed to control the oil film thickness of the table. In terms of oil film thickness control scheme, according to the existing working environment and research requirements, based on the control system hardware selection basis and significance, in order to improve the oil film thickness control accuracy, A complete closed loop oil film control scheme composed of Siemens 840Dsl universal numerical control system and inverter combined with asynchronous motor, multi-head pump, hydrostatic rotary table and eddy current displacement sensor is proposed. The mathematical model of the corresponding control link is established, and the theoretical model between the frequency and the oil film thickness is deduced. In the aspect of oil film thickness control method, in order to verify the accuracy of motor frequency and oil film thickness theory model, a man-machine interactive system software for intelligent control of oil film thickness is developed based on Siemens 840Dsl numerical control system. According to the oil film thickness detection method, the oil film thickness control experimental platform was built to verify the accuracy and applicability of the oil film thickness control scheme based on the theoretical model. At the same time, on the basis of many experimental data, the oil film thickness control and adjustment method based on least square method is put forward, and verified and analyzed. The experiment not only proves the rationality of the theoretical model, but also proves the rationality of the model. Moreover, the theoretical model error is corrected and the accuracy of oil film thickness control is higher, which provides a strong support for practical engineering application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG659

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