槽型界面爆炸復(fù)合板界面效應(yīng)及結(jié)合機理的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-14 17:07
【摘要】：爆炸焊接是利用炸藥爆炸能量使高速碰撞的界面金屬產(chǎn)生塑性流動和冶金結(jié)合的一種工藝,已成功實現(xiàn)數(shù)百種金屬的復(fù)合,廣泛應(yīng)用于層狀金屬復(fù)合板的制備。但傳統(tǒng)爆炸焊接炸藥用量很大,造成嚴重的環(huán)境污染、振動和噪聲。而且受到爆炸焊接窗口限制,當(dāng)焊接能量較小時界面金屬無法產(chǎn)生塑性流動和金屬射流,難以實現(xiàn)復(fù)合,而當(dāng)焊接能量較大時易產(chǎn)生過熔現(xiàn)象,造成界面的結(jié)合強度不高,甚至被反射拉伸波拉開。針對目前爆炸焊接存在的諸多問題,提出采用蜂窩結(jié)構(gòu)炸藥作為焊接能量,通過爆炸焊接以及爆炸壓接-軋制復(fù)合槽型界面金屬板的研究思想。爆速是爆炸焊接的重要參數(shù),為配制槽型界面金屬板復(fù)合專用炸藥,研究了玻璃微球尺寸和含量對乳化炸藥密度和爆速的影響。結(jié)果表明：炸藥密度和爆速隨著玻璃微球含量增加而減�。盒〕叽绮Ａ⑶虻拿艋Ч驼{(diào)節(jié)爆速效果均比大尺寸的好。傳統(tǒng)爆炸焊接炸藥密度不均,臨界直徑較大,采用蜂窩鋁板作為焊接炸藥藥框,蜂窩孔的各向約束降低炸藥臨界厚度的同時,可保證各位置炸藥的厚度基本相同,炸藥的爆速也有所提高。由于鋁合金與鋼,尤其鎂鋁合金與鋼界面易產(chǎn)生過熔現(xiàn)象和脆性金屬間化合物,難以直接爆炸復(fù)合一起,往往需要在鋁合金與鋼層間加入純鋁、鈦等薄板作為中間夾層進行爆炸焊接。為將鎂鋁合金-鋼直接爆炸復(fù)合一起,提高界面的結(jié)合強度,本文采用5083鋁合金與槽型界面Q345鋼分別作為覆層和基層,通過公式計算得到鋁-鋼爆炸焊接窗口后,選取靠近可焊性窗口下限的參數(shù)進行實驗,再通過力學(xué)性能檢測和微觀形貌觀察研究5083/Q345復(fù)合板的結(jié)合性能。結(jié)果表明：鋁合金與鋼在冶金結(jié)合和燕尾槽的擠壓嚙合共同作用下實現(xiàn)爆炸復(fù)合,為鋁-鋼等強度相差較大的金屬材料直接爆炸焊接提供一條新途徑：鋁合金-槽型界面鋼爆炸復(fù)合板結(jié)合面積比傳統(tǒng)鋁合金-鋼爆炸復(fù)合板大145%,鋁合金-槽型界面鋼爆炸復(fù)合板剪切試樣強度均大于167.6MPa,滿足鋁-鋼復(fù)合板結(jié)合強度的要求；5083/Q345復(fù)合板界面附近鋼側(cè)和鋁合金側(cè)顯微硬度隨著與距離界面的減小而增大,燕尾槽下底面界面5083鋁合金和Q345鋼的顯微硬度與距離燕尾槽上底面界面相同距離5083鋁合金和Q345鋼的顯微硬度基本相等。鋁合金與燕尾槽鋼上底面、下底面和傾斜面均呈平直狀,其中鋁合金與燕尾槽鋼上底面、下底面以直接結(jié)合和不連續(xù)熔化塊的方式復(fù)合,而鋁合金與燕尾槽鋼傾斜面則以連續(xù)熔化層的方式復(fù)合：靠近界面Q345鋼一側(cè)晶粒呈細長的纖維狀,而5083鋁合金一側(cè)晶粒未發(fā)現(xiàn)拉伸現(xiàn)象；Q345/5083復(fù)合板界面中間過渡層生成了脆性金屬間化合物FeAl2和Al5Fe2; 5083/Q345復(fù)合板拉伸試件斷面主要為韌性斷裂破壞,并伴有準解理斷裂。采用鋁-鋼爆炸焊接窗口內(nèi)的參數(shù)進行爆炸焊接時,界面金屬易產(chǎn)生過熔現(xiàn)象,影響復(fù)合板界面的結(jié)合性能,而當(dāng)焊接能量遠低于其可焊性窗口下限時,復(fù)合板結(jié)合強度不高,甚至焊接失效。鑒于不同鋁合金與槽型界面鋼的爆炸焊接機理相同,采用1060鋁和槽型界面Q345鋼分別作為覆層和基層,選取低于1060/Q345復(fù)合板可焊性窗口下限的焊接參數(shù),僅鋁板內(nèi)表面產(chǎn)生射流,研究槽型界面金屬板對鋁/鋼復(fù)合板爆炸焊接窗口的影響。結(jié)果表明：鋁與槽型界面鋼爆炸復(fù)合界面結(jié)合良好,槽型界面金屬板可降低鋁-鋼爆炸焊接窗口下限；鋁與燕尾槽鋼上底面以平直狀和波狀相結(jié)合的方式復(fù)合,而鋁與燕尾槽鋼下底面和傾斜面均呈波狀結(jié)合：界面無金屬間化合物生成。傳統(tǒng)鈦-鋼爆炸焊接能量較大,而且鈦層厚度較厚時結(jié)合率不高,甚至焊接失效,于是提出間隙配合的燕尾槽金屬板通過爆炸壓接-軋制復(fù)合層狀金屬復(fù)合板。本文采用帶有燕尾槽的TA2鈦板和帶有燕尾槽的Q345鋼板分別作為覆層和基層,蜂窩結(jié)構(gòu)炸藥作為爆炸壓接能量,進行鈦-鋼爆炸壓接-軋制復(fù)合的研究,然后通過力學(xué)性能檢測和微觀形貌觀察分析鈦-鋼復(fù)合板的結(jié)合性能,再進行熱處理研究退火溫度和退火時間對鈦-鋼復(fù)合板界面微觀形貌的影響。結(jié)果表明：間隙配合的TA2鈦板與Q345鋼板依靠燕尾槽的擠壓嚙合以及金屬間的相互擴散實現(xiàn)冶金結(jié)合：爆炸壓接后鈦-鋼復(fù)合板界面未實現(xiàn)冶金結(jié)合,界面出現(xiàn)寬5-.45mm的縫隙,爆炸壓接-軋制后復(fù)合板界面則基本以直接結(jié)合的方式復(fù)合：鈦-鋼復(fù)合板界面未生成金屬間化合物,鋼側(cè)晶粒呈細長的纖維狀：熱處理可消除鈦-鋼復(fù)合板鋼側(cè)金屬的變形組織,中間過渡層厚度隨著退火溫度和退火時間的增加而增大：退火溫度700℃下保溫0.5h得到的鈦-鋼爆炸壓接-軋制復(fù)合板界面結(jié)合質(zhì)量良好。
[Abstract]:Explosive welding is a process that utilizes explosive energy to produce plastic flow and metallurgical bonding between high-speed impacting interfacial metals. It has successfully realized the composite of hundreds of metals and is widely used in the preparation of laminated metal composite plates. To the limit of explosive welding window, when the welding energy is small, the interface metal can not produce plastic flow and metal jet, and it is difficult to achieve composite, but when the welding energy is large, it is easy to produce overfusion phenomenon, resulting in the interface bonding strength is not high, and even be stretched open by reflected tensile wave. Detonation velocity is an important parameter in explosive welding. The effect of the size and content of glass microspheres on the density and detonation velocity of emulsion explosive was studied to prepare the special explosive for groove-shaped interface metal plate composite. The density and velocity of explosive decrease with the increase of the content of glass microspheres: the sensitization effect of small size glass microspheres is better than that of large size glass microspheres. It can ensure that the thickness of each explosive is basically the same, and the detonation velocity of the explosive is also improved. Because the interface between aluminum alloy and steel, especially between magnesium and aluminum alloy and steel is prone to overmelting and brittle intermetallic compounds, it is difficult to directly explode and compound together. It is often necessary to add pure aluminum, titanium and other thin plates between aluminum alloy and steel layers as intermediate sandwich for explosion. In order to improve the bonding strength of Mg-Al alloy-steel interface by direct explosive bonding, 5083 aluminum alloy and Q345 steel are used as cladding layer and base layer respectively. After calculating the formula, the parameters close to the lower limit of weldability window are selected for experiment, and then the mechanical properties are tested and measured. The bonding properties of 5083/Q345 composite plate were studied by microscopic observation. The results show that the explosive bonding of aluminum alloy and steel under the combined action of metallurgical bonding and extrusion meshing of dovetail groove provides a new way for direct explosive welding of metal materials with different strength, such as aluminum-steel. The explosive bonding of aluminum alloy-groove interface steel composite plate is a new way. The area of explosive clad aluminum alloy-steel plate is 145% larger than that of traditional aluminum alloy-steel composite plate, and the shear strength of explosive clad aluminum alloy-groove interface steel plate is greater than 167.6 MPa, which meets the requirements of bonding strength of aluminum-steel composite plate. The microhardness of 5083 aluminium alloy and Q345 steel is equal to that of 5083 aluminium alloy and Q345 steel at the same distance from the top and bottom of dovetail groove. Aluminum alloy and dovetail channel steel are combined by continuous melting layer: the grain near the interface of Q345 steel is slender and fibrous, while the grain near the interface of 5083 aluminum alloy is not found tensile phenomenon; the interfacial transition layer of Q345/5083 composite plate produces brittle intermetallic compound FeAl2 and Al5Fe2; 5083/Q345 composite plate is drawn. The fracture surface of the tensile specimens is mainly ductile fracture with quasi-cleavage fracture. When the parameters in the aluminum-steel explosive welding window are used for explosive welding, the interface metals are apt to overmelt, which affects the bonding performance of the composite plate. When the welding energy is far below the lower limit of the weldability window, the bonding strength of the composite plate is not high, even welded. In view of the same mechanism of explosive welding between different aluminum alloys and groove interface steel, 1060 Aluminum and Q345 steel were used as cladding and substrate respectively. The welding parameters below the lower limit of weldability window of 1060/Q345 composite plate were selected. Only the inner surface of aluminum plate produced jet. The explosive welding window of groove interface metal plate to aluminum/steel composite plate was studied. The results show that the explosive bonding between aluminum and groove interface steel is good, the lower limit of aluminum-steel explosive welding window can be reduced by groove interface metal plate; the upper and lower surfaces of aluminum and dovetail groove steel are compounded in a straight and wavy way, while the lower and inclined surfaces of aluminum and dovetail groove steel are wavy bonded: the interface has no intermetallization Compound formation. Traditional titanium-steel explosive welding energy is large, and titanium layer thickness is not high bonding rate, or even welding failure, so put forward gap fit dovetail groove metal plate through explosive Pressing-rolling composite laminated metal plate. This paper uses TA2 titanium plate with dovetail groove and Q345 steel plate with dovetail groove as cladding, respectively. The bonding properties of titanium-steel clad plates were investigated by mechanical properties testing and micro-morphology observation. The effects of annealing temperature and annealing time on the interface micro-morphology of titanium-steel clad plates were investigated by heat treatment. Ming: TA2 titanium plate with clearance fit and Q345 steel plate achieve metallurgical bonding by extrusion meshing of dovetail groove and mutual diffusion between metals: the interface of titanium-steel clad plate is not metallurgical bonding after explosive bonding, and there is a gap of 5-45mm in the interface, while the interface of titanium-steel clad plate is basically in direct bonding after explosive bonding and rolling: titanium-steel clad plate is composed by explosive bonding and rolling. There is no intermetallic compound at the interface of the steel clad plate, and the grain on the steel side is slender and fibrous. Heat treatment can eliminate the deformation structure of the metal on the side of the titanium-steel clad plate. The thickness of the intermediate transition layer increases with the increase of annealing temperature and annealing time. The surface bonding quality is good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TG456.6
，
本文編號：2243332
[Abstract]:Explosive welding is a process that utilizes explosive energy to produce plastic flow and metallurgical bonding between high-speed impacting interfacial metals. It has successfully realized the composite of hundreds of metals and is widely used in the preparation of laminated metal composite plates. To the limit of explosive welding window, when the welding energy is small, the interface metal can not produce plastic flow and metal jet, and it is difficult to achieve composite, but when the welding energy is large, it is easy to produce overfusion phenomenon, resulting in the interface bonding strength is not high, and even be stretched open by reflected tensile wave. Detonation velocity is an important parameter in explosive welding. The effect of the size and content of glass microspheres on the density and detonation velocity of emulsion explosive was studied to prepare the special explosive for groove-shaped interface metal plate composite. The density and velocity of explosive decrease with the increase of the content of glass microspheres: the sensitization effect of small size glass microspheres is better than that of large size glass microspheres. It can ensure that the thickness of each explosive is basically the same, and the detonation velocity of the explosive is also improved. Because the interface between aluminum alloy and steel, especially between magnesium and aluminum alloy and steel is prone to overmelting and brittle intermetallic compounds, it is difficult to directly explode and compound together. It is often necessary to add pure aluminum, titanium and other thin plates between aluminum alloy and steel layers as intermediate sandwich for explosion. In order to improve the bonding strength of Mg-Al alloy-steel interface by direct explosive bonding, 5083 aluminum alloy and Q345 steel are used as cladding layer and base layer respectively. After calculating the formula, the parameters close to the lower limit of weldability window are selected for experiment, and then the mechanical properties are tested and measured. The bonding properties of 5083/Q345 composite plate were studied by microscopic observation. The results show that the explosive bonding of aluminum alloy and steel under the combined action of metallurgical bonding and extrusion meshing of dovetail groove provides a new way for direct explosive welding of metal materials with different strength, such as aluminum-steel. The explosive bonding of aluminum alloy-groove interface steel composite plate is a new way. The area of explosive clad aluminum alloy-steel plate is 145% larger than that of traditional aluminum alloy-steel composite plate, and the shear strength of explosive clad aluminum alloy-groove interface steel plate is greater than 167.6 MPa, which meets the requirements of bonding strength of aluminum-steel composite plate. The microhardness of 5083 aluminium alloy and Q345 steel is equal to that of 5083 aluminium alloy and Q345 steel at the same distance from the top and bottom of dovetail groove. Aluminum alloy and dovetail channel steel are combined by continuous melting layer: the grain near the interface of Q345 steel is slender and fibrous, while the grain near the interface of 5083 aluminum alloy is not found tensile phenomenon; the interfacial transition layer of Q345/5083 composite plate produces brittle intermetallic compound FeAl2 and Al5Fe2; 5083/Q345 composite plate is drawn. The fracture surface of the tensile specimens is mainly ductile fracture with quasi-cleavage fracture. When the parameters in the aluminum-steel explosive welding window are used for explosive welding, the interface metals are apt to overmelt, which affects the bonding performance of the composite plate. When the welding energy is far below the lower limit of the weldability window, the bonding strength of the composite plate is not high, even welded. In view of the same mechanism of explosive welding between different aluminum alloys and groove interface steel, 1060 Aluminum and Q345 steel were used as cladding and substrate respectively. The welding parameters below the lower limit of weldability window of 1060/Q345 composite plate were selected. Only the inner surface of aluminum plate produced jet. The explosive welding window of groove interface metal plate to aluminum/steel composite plate was studied. The results show that the explosive bonding between aluminum and groove interface steel is good, the lower limit of aluminum-steel explosive welding window can be reduced by groove interface metal plate; the upper and lower surfaces of aluminum and dovetail groove steel are compounded in a straight and wavy way, while the lower and inclined surfaces of aluminum and dovetail groove steel are wavy bonded: the interface has no intermetallization Compound formation. Traditional titanium-steel explosive welding energy is large, and titanium layer thickness is not high bonding rate, or even welding failure, so put forward gap fit dovetail groove metal plate through explosive Pressing-rolling composite laminated metal plate. This paper uses TA2 titanium plate with dovetail groove and Q345 steel plate with dovetail groove as cladding, respectively. The bonding properties of titanium-steel clad plates were investigated by mechanical properties testing and micro-morphology observation. The effects of annealing temperature and annealing time on the interface micro-morphology of titanium-steel clad plates were investigated by heat treatment. Ming: TA2 titanium plate with clearance fit and Q345 steel plate achieve metallurgical bonding by extrusion meshing of dovetail groove and mutual diffusion between metals: the interface of titanium-steel clad plate is not metallurgical bonding after explosive bonding, and there is a gap of 5-45mm in the interface, while the interface of titanium-steel clad plate is basically in direct bonding after explosive bonding and rolling: titanium-steel clad plate is composed by explosive bonding and rolling. There is no intermetallic compound at the interface of the steel clad plate, and the grain on the steel side is slender and fibrous. Heat treatment can eliminate the deformation structure of the metal on the side of the titanium-steel clad plate. The thickness of the intermediate transition layer increases with the increase of annealing temperature and annealing time. The surface bonding quality is good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TG456.6
，
本文編號：2243332
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