【摘要】：管材應用廣泛,對國民經濟和國防建設影響巨大,其質量優(yōu)劣直接影響相關設備的運行性能和使用壽命,長期以來對無損檢測技術有強烈需求。而在各種無損檢測方法中,超聲無損檢測技術以其對人體安全無害、攜帶聲學信息豐富以及易于與信息技術相結合等優(yōu)點,成為鋼管缺陷檢測和質量監(jiān)控的有效手段,并朝著相控陣超聲無損評價方向發(fā)展。特別是相控陣超聲無損檢測技術除傳承常規(guī)超聲共性特點外,還具有波束柔性合成和動態(tài)聚焦特性,能夠有效減少檢測盲區(qū),在鋼管檢測中優(yōu)勢尤為明顯�；谝陨媳尘�,本學位論文在國家自然科學基金項目“圓柱類部件高性能自動化相控陣超聲成像檢測理論與技術的研究”(NO.51675480)的資助下,開展鋼管外掃查相控陣超聲成像及其定量檢測關鍵技術研究。在分析相關檢測理論和檢測工藝的基礎上,充分研究鋼管超聲成像及缺陷定量化等關鍵技術,將機電一體化與相控陣超聲無損檢測技術有機結合,研發(fā)一套鋼管外掃查相控陣超聲成像檢測實驗系統(tǒng),開展相關實驗研究,為實現鋼管外掃查相控陣超聲成像檢測奠定必要的技術基礎。具體研究工作包括:第一章,論述鋼管在國民經濟和人民生活中的重要地位以及開展鋼管外掃查相控陣超聲成像及其定量檢測關鍵技術研究的重要意義,系統(tǒng)總結鋼管相控陣超聲成像檢測技術的研究現狀及其發(fā)展趨勢。指出目前鋼管檢測所存在的主要問題,明確本文的研究內容,為后續(xù)章節(jié)的研究指明方向。第二章,建立圓柱坐標系下的波動方程及其求解,分析聲波在鋼管內傳播的聲學效應以及聲學效應對成像分辨率的影響。研究相控陣超聲波束的合成與控制原理,根據鋼管檢測需求設計合理的楔塊和聚焦法則,實現波束在鋼管內的聚焦,并開展基于楔塊-鋼管疊層結構的相控陣超聲檢測聲場仿真。第三章,由于相控陣超聲成像的B掃查和S掃查是主要的兩種掃查方式,其表征方式友好、直觀。基于此利用機械與電子掃查相結合的方式,發(fā)展一種相控陣超聲復合式掃查技術,達到對待檢鋼管快速掃查的目的,并實現待檢鋼管目標區(qū)域內的高速和大范圍的相控陣超聲掃查成像。第四章,開展相控陣超聲圖像處理技術的研究,對超聲回波信號進行小波閾值消噪和圖像插值處理,提高超聲圖像的信噪比。同時,利用-6dB定量技術,獲得缺陷的形狀和尺寸,實現缺陷定量化檢測。第五章,基于分布式體系結構和模塊化設計策略,以自主研發(fā)的相控陣超聲檢測模塊為功能核心部件,在完成相關硬件和上位機軟件設計開發(fā)的基礎上,成功研發(fā)出一套鋼管外掃查自動化在線相控陣超聲成像檢測原理樣機。同時,利用所研發(fā)的系統(tǒng)對無縫鋼管開展相關實驗研究,以驗證本文相關理論與技術的可行性和有效性。第六章,對全文的研究工作進行總結,對將來的進一步研究進行展望。
[Abstract]:Tubes are widely used and have a great impact on the national economy and national defense construction. The quality of pipes has a direct impact on the operation performance and service life of related equipment. There has been a strong demand for non-destructive testing technology for a long time. It is easy to combine with information technology, and becomes an effective means of steel tube defect detection and quality control, and develops toward phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation. Especially, phased array ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology not only inherits the common characteristics of conventional ultrasound, but also has the characteristics of flexible beam synthesis and dynamic focusing, which can effectively reduce the detection blindness. Based on the above background, this dissertation, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project "Research on the Theory and Technology of High Performance Automatic Phased Array Ultrasonic Imaging for Cylindrical Components" (NO. 51675480), carries out the research on the key technology of phased array ultrasonic imaging and its quantitative detection for steel tube external scanning. Based on the analysis of relevant testing theory and testing technology, the key technologies such as ultrasonic imaging and defect quantification of steel pipe are fully studied. The electromechanical integration and phased array ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology are combined organically. A phased array ultrasonic imaging testing system for steel pipe external scanning is developed, and relevant experimental research is carried out to realize steel pipe inspection. The specific research work includes: Chapter 1. Discusses the important position of steel pipe in the national economy and people's life, and the important significance of developing the research on the key technology of phased array ultrasonic imaging and quantitative detection of steel pipe. The research status and development trend of testing technology are pointed out. The main problems existing in steel tube testing are pointed out. The research contents of this paper are clarified and the direction of the following chapters is pointed out. The influence of resolution is studied. The principle of synthesis and control of phased array ultrasonic beams is studied. The reasonable wedge and focusing rule are designed according to the requirement of steel tube testing. The acoustic field simulation of phased array ultrasonic testing based on wedge-steel tube stack structure is carried out. Chapter 3: B scan and S scan of phased array ultrasonic imaging. Based on the combination of mechanical and electronic scanning, a phased array ultrasonic compound scanning technology is developed to achieve the purpose of rapid scanning of steel tube and realize high-speed and large-scale phased array ultrasonic scanning and imaging in the target area of steel tube to be inspected. Four chapters are devoted to the research of phased array ultrasonic image processing technology. Wavelet threshold denoising and image interpolation are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of ultrasonic image. At the same time, the shape and size of defects are obtained by using - 6dB quantitative technology to realize quantitative defect detection. Chapter 5 is based on distributed architecture and modular design. Based on the design and development of related hardware and software, a prototype of automatic on-line phased array ultrasonic imaging testing principle for steel tube inspection is successfully developed. At the same time, the related experimental research on seamless steel tube is carried out by using the developed system. In order to verify the feasibility and validity of the related theory and technology in this paper, Chapter 6 summarizes the research work of this paper and looks forward to the future research.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG115.285;TG142.15

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