發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-25 20:29

【摘要】：在“工業(yè)4.0”大背景下,“虛擬工廠”已成為“智能制造”領(lǐng)域中重要的研究課題。作為虛擬工廠的主要組成部分,如何建立一個(gè)實(shí)時(shí)性好、真實(shí)感強(qiáng)的數(shù)控機(jī)床虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)已成為當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)性差、仿真畫(huà)面真實(shí)感不強(qiáng)以及兼容性差等問(wèn)題,本文以常見(jiàn)類型的五軸數(shù)控機(jī)床為研究對(duì)象,基于GPU加速技術(shù)進(jìn)行了全新的數(shù)控機(jī)床虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與開(kāi)發(fā)。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)的一些優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)以及實(shí)際數(shù)控加工需求,對(duì)本虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了需求分析;以面向?qū)ο鬄橹笇?dǎo)思想,對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行總體框架設(shè)計(jì),按照功能屬性不能耦合的原則將系統(tǒng)劃分為四大模塊;針對(duì)本系統(tǒng)底層編程語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的邏輯對(duì)象之間調(diào)用關(guān)系復(fù)雜的情況,重點(diǎn)對(duì)這些抽象后的邏輯對(duì)象的類進(jìn)行整體邏輯架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。(2)為了給本數(shù)控機(jī)床虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)提供3D模型素材,以某數(shù)控車間多種類型的機(jī)床為樣本,開(kāi)展了精確、逼真度高的三維建模工作。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的虛擬仿真軟件只能導(dǎo)入一種模型文件類型的情況,本文對(duì)幾種常見(jiàn)的模型文件類型進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分析,并提出了相應(yīng)的模型導(dǎo)入算法,著重分析了3D模型在基于OpenGL圖形庫(kù)創(chuàng)建的虛擬環(huán)境中顯示的工作原理。(3)針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)只能實(shí)現(xiàn)某一特定類型機(jī)床的仿真運(yùn)動(dòng)的缺陷,本文以機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)鏈為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)常見(jiàn)的機(jī)床進(jìn)行類型劃分,分析了每種類型機(jī)床工作機(jī)理,提出了一種通過(guò)設(shè)置機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)多種類型機(jī)床虛擬仿真的解決方案。為了解決由于機(jī)床轉(zhuǎn)軸模型的旋轉(zhuǎn)中心軸與坐標(biāo)系軸不重合而引起仿真運(yùn)動(dòng)失真的情況,提出了一種通用解決算法。(4)結(jié)合數(shù)控機(jī)床虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)的要求,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了仿真系統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)實(shí)機(jī)床數(shù)據(jù)通信的接口模塊。同時(shí)分析兩種旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制的工作原理,提出了相應(yīng)的算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了人機(jī)界面交互。(5)為了解決仿真系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)性差的問(wèn)題,本文引入了GPU加速技術(shù)。結(jié)合GPU異步傳輸原理,將模型數(shù)據(jù)直接傳遞給GPU的頂點(diǎn)緩存中,一方面利用GPU強(qiáng)大的并行運(yùn)算能力處理模型數(shù)據(jù),節(jié)約了CPU資源;另一方面優(yōu)化了CPU與GPU之間數(shù)據(jù)傳方式,減少了數(shù)據(jù)傳遞的時(shí)間,極大的提高了系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)性。
[Abstract]:Under the background of "Industry 4.0", "Virtual Factory" has become an important research topic in the field of "Intelligent Manufacturing". As the main component of virtual factory, how to establish a virtual simulation system of NC machine tool with good real-time and strong sense of reality has become a hot spot of current research. Aiming at the problems of the traditional virtual simulation system, such as poor real time, low realistic picture and poor compatibility, this paper takes the common five-axis NC machine tool as the research object. Based on GPU acceleration technology, the design and development of a new virtual simulation system for NC machine tools are carried out. The specific research contents are as follows: (1) according to the advantages and disadvantages of the existing virtual simulation system and the actual NC machining requirements, the requirements of the virtual simulation system are analyzed. The system is divided into four modules according to the principle that the function attribute can not be coupled, and the system is divided into four modules according to the overall frame design of the virtual simulation system of numerical control machine tools, aiming at the complex calling relationship between the logic objects expressed in the programming language of this system. In order to provide 3D model material for the virtual simulation system of numerical control machine tools, taking various types of machine tools in a numerical control workshop as a sample, the design of the whole logic architecture of these abstract logic objects is emphasized. (2) in order to provide 3D model material for the virtual simulation system of the NC machine tools, the precision is carried out. High fidelity of three-dimensional modeling work. In view of the situation that traditional virtual simulation software can only import one model file type, this paper analyzes the data structure of several common model file types, and puts forward the corresponding model import algorithm. The working principle of 3D model display in the virtual environment based on OpenGL graphics library is analyzed emphatically. (3) aiming at the defect that the traditional virtual simulation system can only realize the simulation motion of a particular type of machine tool, In this paper, the common machine tools are divided according to the movement chain of machine tools, the working mechanism of each type of machine tools is analyzed, and a solution to realize the virtual simulation of various types of machine tools by setting the motion forms of moving parts of machine tools is put forward. In order to solve the problem that the rotation center axis of the machine tool model does not coincide with the coordinate axis, a general solution algorithm is proposed. (4) the real-time data requirement of the virtual simulation system for NC machine tools is proposed. The interface module between the simulation system and the real machine tool data communication is designed and implemented. At the same time, the working principle of the two rotation mechanisms is analyzed, and the corresponding algorithm is proposed to realize the man-machine interface interaction. (5) in order to solve the problem of poor real-time performance of the simulation system, GPU acceleration technology is introduced in this paper. Combined with the principle of asynchronous transmission of GPU, the model data is transferred directly to the vertex cache of GPU. On the one hand, the powerful parallel computing ability of GPU is used to process the model data, which saves the CPU resource; on the other hand, the data transmission mode between CPU and GPU is optimized. It reduces the time of data transfer and greatly improves the real-time of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG659

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本文編號(hào)：2204012