【摘要】：隨著新材料和高端制造等產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的發(fā)展,學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界對(duì)材料服役性能測(cè)試技術(shù)的要求不斷提高,傳統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)機(jī)單一載荷模式的加載已滿足不了市場(chǎng)需求,多載荷小型化原位測(cè)試裝置將是未來(lái)材料測(cè)試領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展方向,各類工程材料在服役期間并非僅僅承受單一載荷的作用,不同應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下材料的宏微觀破壞機(jī)理迥然不同。本文從微觀力學(xué)行為,變形損傷機(jī)制出發(fā),開(kāi)展了基于Arcan夾具復(fù)合載荷原位測(cè)試裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)研究,通過(guò)改進(jìn)Arcan夾具獲取任意平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài),在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了整個(gè)原位測(cè)試裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、儀器裝調(diào)、性能測(cè)試和典型材料Q235鋼的材料性能表征和微觀組織演化分析。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1、基于Arcan夾具復(fù)合載荷原位測(cè)試裝置設(shè)計(jì)與分析為實(shí)現(xiàn)在平面復(fù)合載荷下測(cè)試材料的力學(xué)性能,改進(jìn)了Arcan夾具,使支撐夾具的定位槽的幾何圓心與夾具幾何圓心相重合以保證對(duì)中性,所研制的測(cè)試裝置的整體尺寸為206mm?183mm?53mm,設(shè)計(jì)位移行程為0~8mm,位移分辨力為1μm,載荷量程0~1500N,載荷分辨力為10m N,實(shí)現(xiàn)了原位測(cè)試裝置與主流SEM、CCD等成像主件兼容,最終通過(guò)理論計(jì)算和動(dòng)靜態(tài)仿真分析證明了儀器設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。2、基于Arcan夾具復(fù)合載荷原位測(cè)試裝置性能測(cè)試與校準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)了測(cè)試裝置的電控系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了裝置各路信號(hào)與上位機(jī)的通信,通過(guò)對(duì)6061航空鋁的試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證測(cè)試裝置重復(fù)性良好,針對(duì)小型化儀器的校準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題,對(duì)測(cè)試裝置進(jìn)行了誤差分析,提出了兩種誤差修正機(jī)制,通過(guò)理論和模型相結(jié)合的方式對(duì)誤差產(chǎn)生原因和最終的修正提供了理論依據(jù),針對(duì)測(cè)試裝置產(chǎn)生的誤差,采用三維數(shù)字散斑技術(shù)進(jìn)行了誤差修正并通過(guò)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了其修正方法的合理性和可行性,與OLYMPUS DSX500高景深顯微鏡實(shí)現(xiàn)了原位化集成。3、基于自制測(cè)試裝置的原位試驗(yàn)研究利用自制的原位測(cè)試儀器對(duì)Q235鋼進(jìn)行了原位試驗(yàn)研究,探究了不同應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下Q235鋼裂紋萌生、擴(kuò)展以及斷裂行為,試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)滑移帶的分布情況對(duì)裂紋萌生和增長(zhǎng)有著巨大的影響,晶格表面滑移線密度隨著角度的遞增而不斷增大,微缺陷普遍萌生在晶界或第二相粒子處,加載過(guò)程中伴隨著明顯的穿晶現(xiàn)象,隨著測(cè)試角度的增加,擴(kuò)展機(jī)制由正應(yīng)力主導(dǎo)向切應(yīng)力主導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)變,材料斷裂逐漸由微孔聚集斷裂向延性剪切斷裂轉(zhuǎn)變,在15°拉剪復(fù)合載荷作用下微缺陷處應(yīng)力集中并慢慢擴(kuò)展成條狀裂紋,隨著載荷逐漸增大,金相表層被慢慢剝離試件表面呈河流樣,在標(biāo)距段根部出現(xiàn)主裂紋,可見(jiàn)不同平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下材料斷裂機(jī)制顯然不同,本裝置為探究材料微觀機(jī)理提供了新的應(yīng)用途徑。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrial clusters such as new materials and high-end manufacturing, the requirement of testing technology for material service performance in academia and industry is increasing. The loading of single load mode of traditional testing machine can not meet the market demand. Multi-load miniaturized in-situ testing equipment will be the development direction in the field of material testing in the future. All kinds of engineering materials are not only subjected to a single load during the service period, but the macro and micro failure mechanism of materials under different stress states are very different. In this paper, based on the micromechanical behavior and the mechanism of deformation damage, the design and experimental study of in-situ testing device for composite load of Arcan fixture are carried out, and the arbitrary plane stress state is obtained by improving the Arcan fixture. On this basis, the structure design, instrument adjustment, performance test, characterization and microstructure evolution analysis of the typical material Q235 steel have been completed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. Based on the design and analysis of in-situ testing device for composite load of Arcan fixture, the Arcan fixture is improved to realize the mechanical properties of testing material under plane composite load. The geometric center of the positioning slot supporting the fixture coincides with the geometric center of the fixture in order to ensure the neutrality, The overall size of the test device is 206 mm / 183mm / 53mm, the designed displacement stroke is 0 mm / 8 mm, the displacement resolution is 1 渭 m, the load range is 0 渭 m, the load resolution is 10 mm N, and the in-situ testing device is compatible with the main imaging components such as the mainstream SEMU CCD, etc. Finally, the rationality of the instrument design is proved by theoretical calculation and dynamic and static simulation analysis. Based on the performance test and calibration of the in-situ testing device of Arcan fixture, the electronic control system of the testing device is designed. The communication between each signal of the device and the upper computer is realized. Through the test of 6061 aviation aluminum, it is verified that the test device has good repeatability. In view of the calibration problem of the miniaturized instrument, the error analysis of the test device is carried out. Two kinds of error correction mechanisms are proposed, which provide the theoretical basis for the cause of error and the final correction by combining theory with model. The error correction is carried out by using 3D digital speckle technique, and the rationality and feasibility of the correction method are verified by experiments. The in situ test of Q235 steel was carried out with OLYMPUS DSX500 high field depth microscope. The in situ test of Q235 steel was carried out by using a self made in situ test instrument, and the crack initiation of Q235 steel under different stress states was investigated. It is found that the distribution of the slip band has a great influence on the crack initiation and growth. The slip line density on the lattice surface increases with the increase of the angle, and the microdefects generally germinate at the grain boundary or at the second phase particle. Along with the obvious transgranular phenomenon in the loading process, with the increase of the testing angle, the propagation mechanism changes from normal stress leading to shear stress leading, and the material fracture gradually changes from micropore aggregation fracture to ductile shear fracture. Under the action of 15 擄tension and shear composite load, the stress concentration at the microdefect is concentrated and slowly expands into a strip crack. With the increasing of the load, the surface of the metallographic surface is stripped off slowly, and the surface of the specimen appears fluvial like, and the main crack appears at the root of the distance section. It can be seen that the fracture mechanism of materials under different plane stress states is obviously different, and this device provides a new way of application for exploring the microscopic mechanism of materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG75

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