【摘要】：輕質(zhì)材料的使用是當(dāng)今汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展和實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車輕量化的重要手段,現(xiàn)代汽車車身大部分采用多材料車身,尤其是鋼鋁混合車身,因此鋼鋁混合車身結(jié)構(gòu)已成為汽車輕量化研究的主要方向之一。無鉚沖壓連接是一種新型機(jī)械連接技術(shù),可以有效實(shí)現(xiàn)異種板料的連接。而且現(xiàn)在車身中很多部位采用三層或更多層板材連接的形式,研究三層板無鉚沖壓連接有著很重要的實(shí)用價(jià)值。本文首先選取普通SPCC鋼板作為研究對象,基于DEFORM分析三層鋼板無鉚沖壓的連接過程以及影響接頭質(zhì)量的因素,結(jié)果表明隨著位移的增加沖頭的載荷逐漸增大,而且凹模受到的載荷比沖頭和壓邊圈的都大;連接過程中板料頸部最先發(fā)生應(yīng)力應(yīng)變而且頸部的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變最大;影響三層鋼板無鉚沖壓接頭質(zhì)量的因素為頸部厚度t_N1、t_N2,嵌入量t_U1、t_U2,底部厚度X。其次,選用A16061-T6代替SPCC來探討鋼鋁板料不同組合方式對接頭質(zhì)量的影響并研究不同組合方式下接頭的失效情況,結(jié)果表明鋁、鋼、鋼組合時(shí),鋁板放中間時(shí)接頭質(zhì)量最好;鋁、鋁、鋼組合時(shí),鋼板放在最下層時(shí)接頭質(zhì)量最好,但板料間的頸部厚度較小,需要重新調(diào)整板料的厚度;鋼鋁鋼組合的接頭承受的失效載荷最大,鋁代鋼后可以有效實(shí)現(xiàn)車身輕量化。然后,選取沖頭半徑、凹模深度、凹槽深度和凹槽寬度為模具參數(shù)變量,研究不同的模具參數(shù)對鋼鋁異種板料接頭頸部厚度和嵌入量的影響,結(jié)果表明不同的模具參數(shù)對接頭質(zhì)量的影響各不相同,模具參數(shù)選擇不當(dāng)會出現(xiàn)很多缺陷,比如凹槽沒有被完全充滿、板料出現(xiàn)過沖壓現(xiàn)象或者板料之間存在間隙等。最后,以凹模深度、凹槽深度、凹槽寬度和沖頭半徑四個(gè)因素作為試驗(yàn)因子,以接頭的最大失效載荷作為響應(yīng),通過中心復(fù)合設(shè)計(jì)對模具參數(shù)進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化,結(jié)合有限元模擬對試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行方差分析和回歸分析,研究各個(gè)因子以及因子之間的交互作用對接頭強(qiáng)度的影響規(guī)律,并且提供了各因子對接頭強(qiáng)度影響的可視化模型,最終得出最佳試驗(yàn)條件下模具參數(shù)的最優(yōu)組合。
[Abstract]:The use of lightweight materials is an important means for the rapid development of automobile industry and the realization of automotive lightweight. Most of the modern automobile body uses multi-material body, especially the steel-aluminum hybrid body. Therefore, the steel-aluminum hybrid body structure has become one of the main research directions of automobile lightweight. Non-riveting punching connection is a new type of mechanical connection technology, which can effectively realize the connection of dissimilar sheet metal. Now many parts of the body are connected by three or more layers of plates, so it is of great practical value to study the joint of three layers without riveting and stamping. In this paper, the common SPCC steel plate is selected as the research object. The connection process of the three-layer steel plate without riveting and the factors affecting the joint quality are analyzed based on DEFORM. The results show that the load of punch increases gradually with the increase of displacement. Moreover, the load of die is larger than that of punch and blank holder, and the stress and strain in the neck of sheet metal is the first and the strain is the largest in the neck of sheet metal. The factors affecting the quality of non-riveting joint of three-layer steel plate are neck thickness T _ S _ 1 / T _ T _ 2, intercalation quantity t _ (U _ 1) T _ (1) T _ (2), bottom thickness X _ (2). Secondly, A16061-T6 is used instead of SPCC to discuss the influence of different combination ways of steel and aluminum sheet on joint quality and to study the failure of joint under different combination modes. The results show that when aluminum and steel are combined, the quality of joint is the best when aluminum plate is placed in the middle. When aluminum and steel are combined, the quality of the joint is the best when the steel plate is placed at the lowest layer, but the thickness of the neck between the sheets is small, and the thickness of the sheet metal needs to be readjusted; the joint of the combination of steel, aluminum and steel bears the greatest failure load, After the aluminum substitute steel can realize the body lightweight effectively. Then, die radius, die depth, groove depth and groove width are selected as die parameter variables to study the influence of different die parameters on neck thickness and embedding amount of dissimilar sheet metal joint. The results show that the influence of different die parameters on the joint quality is different. The improper selection of die parameters will lead to a lot of defects, such as the groove is not completely filled, the sheet metal has stamping phenomenon or there is a gap between the sheet metal and so on. Finally, four factors such as die depth, groove width and punch radius are taken as test factors, and the maximum failure load of the joint is taken as the response. The multi-objective optimization of die parameters is carried out through the central composite design. The variance analysis and regression analysis of the test results are carried out with finite element simulation to study the influence of each factor and the interaction between the factors on the joint strength, and a visual model of the influence of each factor on the joint strength is provided. Finally, the optimal combination of die parameters under the best test conditions is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG386

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