【摘要】：切削加工過程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生各種形式的振動(dòng),各種形式的振動(dòng)綜合起來(lái),最后作用于刀具上,引起刀具的振動(dòng),這是一種難以避免的正�，F(xiàn)象,但通常是有害的。并且高頻的振動(dòng)會(huì)增大表面粗糙度。因此,研究切削振動(dòng)對(duì)表面粗糙度的影響是很有必要的。本文通過理論分析、試驗(yàn)研究及有限元模擬相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)車削加工時(shí)刀具振動(dòng)、表面粗糙度進(jìn)行研究。主要研究的內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:(1)選擇TA15、TC4鈦合金進(jìn)行單因素和正交干式車削試驗(yàn)。以振動(dòng)加速度有效值描述振動(dòng)特性,研究了切削用量對(duì)振動(dòng)的影響規(guī)律,探討了切削力對(duì)振動(dòng)的影響、切屑形態(tài)對(duì)振動(dòng)的影響,通過對(duì)絕熱剪切擴(kuò)展能的理論計(jì)算和試驗(yàn)研究,來(lái)研究鈦合金絕熱剪切敏感性和振動(dòng)之間的關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明:切削深度對(duì)振動(dòng)的影響最大,其次是進(jìn)給量,切削速度的影響是最小的;切削振動(dòng)和切削力有一定的關(guān)系,兩者的變化趨勢(shì)相似;刀具的高頻振動(dòng)會(huì)引起切削力的波動(dòng),切削力的波動(dòng)反過來(lái)也會(huì)導(dǎo)致刀具的振動(dòng),兩者相互作用,共同影響;絕熱剪切擴(kuò)展能(38)值越小,絕熱剪切敏感性越強(qiáng),越容易產(chǎn)生鋸齒形切屑,振動(dòng)越大。反之,振動(dòng)越小。(2)通過TA15、TC4鈦合金的表面粗糙度試驗(yàn),研究切削用量對(duì)表面粗糙度的影響,并探討振動(dòng)對(duì)表面粗糙度的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:進(jìn)給量對(duì)表面粗糙度影響最大,其次是切削深度,切削速度影響最小;實(shí)際加工時(shí)的表面粗糙度是理論粗糙度和刀具振動(dòng)相互疊加的結(jié)果,其中理論粗糙度是刀具幾何參數(shù)和切削用量對(duì)表面粗糙度的影響。(3)利用有限元軟件ABAQUS對(duì)高速車削鈦合金Ti-6Al-4V切削過程做了仿真分析,特別是從總能量的角度對(duì)振動(dòng)過程及鋸齒形切屑的形成過程進(jìn)行了分析。得到的主要結(jié)論:鋸齒形切屑總能量圖不斷在上升說(shuō)明了切削過程是個(gè)有規(guī)律的振動(dòng)的過程;能量圖與鋸齒形切屑形成的規(guī)律具有一致性,因此鋸齒形切屑的產(chǎn)生會(huì)導(dǎo)致刀具的高頻振動(dòng)。(4)通過小波分析和SPSS軟件來(lái)研究振動(dòng)和表面粗糙度之間的關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明:振動(dòng)是影響表面粗糙度的主要?jiǎng)討B(tài)因素,振動(dòng)和表面粗糙度兩者相關(guān)性較強(qiáng),變化趨勢(shì)具有一致性。
[Abstract]:In the process of cutting, various forms of vibration can be produced. The vibration of various forms is combined, and finally acts on the tool to cause the vibration of the tool. It is an unavoidable normal phenomenon, but it is usually harmful. And the vibration of high frequency will increase the surface roughness. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) select TA15, TC4 titanium alloy for single factor and orthogonal dry turning test. The vibration acceleration is used to describe the vibration characteristics, The influence of cutting amount on vibration is studied. The influence of cutting force on vibration and the influence of chip shape on vibration are discussed. The relationship between the adiabatic shear sensitivity and vibration of titanium alloy is studied by theoretical calculation and experimental study of the adiabatic shear expansion energy. The results show that the cutting depth has the greatest influence on the vibration. The second is the feed, the cutting speed has the smallest influence; the cutting vibration and the cutting force have a certain relationship, the changing trend of the two is similar; the high frequency vibration of the cutting tool will cause the fluctuation of the cutting force, and the fluctuation of the cutting force will in turn result in the vibration of the cutting tool. Both of them interact with each other; the adiabatic shear expansion energy (38) is smaller and adiabatic. The stronger the shear sensitivity, the more easy to produce the sawtooth chip, the greater the vibration. On the contrary, the smaller the vibration. (2) through the surface roughness test of TA15, TC4 titanium alloy, the effect of the cutting amount on the surface roughness is studied and the influence of the vibration on the surface roughness is discussed. Cutting depth has the smallest effect on cutting speed; the surface roughness in actual processing is the result of the overlapping of theoretical roughness and tool vibration, and the theoretical roughness is the effect of tool geometric parameters and cutting parameters on the surface roughness. (3) the simulation of high speed turning titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V cutting process is made by using the finite element software ABAQUS. Analysis, especially from the point of view of the total energy, the forming process of the vibration process and the sawtooth chip is analyzed. The main conclusion is that the total energy diagram of the sawtooth tangent is constantly rising, which indicates that the cutting process is a regular vibration process; the energy map is consistent with the law of the sawtooth shaped chip form, so the sawtooth chip is in the shape of the sawtooth shape. (4) the relationship between vibration and surface roughness is studied by wavelet analysis and SPSS software. The results show that vibration is the main dynamic factor affecting surface roughness, and the correlation between vibration and surface roughness is strong, and the trend of the change is consistent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG501;TG146.23

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