【摘要】：8xxx系鋁合金導線具有較好的導電能力與力學性能,以及優(yōu)良的應用價值,已經(jīng)廣泛地應用于電線電纜的輸電線路中,對于8xxx系鋁合金的研究也已經(jīng)越來越重要,本文以導電線纜8076鋁合金導體為研究基礎,通過對合金成分設計、成形及熱處理工藝的研究,擬研發(fā)出一種微合金化的8xxx合金線材。為了進一步提高合金的導電能力,研究了添加稀土元素Er對合金的組織與性能的影響,在添加Er元素含量不變的情況下,增加Mg元素的含量,進一步探求合金的組織與性能的變化;本次實驗研究不同拉拔工藝對合金導線的組織和性能的影響,進而確定最優(yōu)的拉拔變形工藝;同時深入研究了熱處理工藝對合金線材組織和性能的影響,確定合理的熱處理工藝制度。添加稀土元素Er的結(jié)果表明,當合金中加入稀土元素Er時,Er元素會與基體作用析出Al3Er第二相粒子,會細化合金的組織,提高合金的電學性能,但是對合金的力學性能影響不大,不能實現(xiàn)合金力學性能與電學性能兼得的效果,所以在保持Er元素含量不變時,增加Mg元素含量,結(jié)果表明,增加Mg元素含量后,會與基體中的其他合金元素析出化合物,彌散強化合金,使合金的力學性能提高,而對電學性能影響甚微,此時合金的電學性能與力學性能均能達到國家導體材料的性能標準。拉拔工藝表明,最佳的拉拔工藝為:Φ6.40mm/330℃經(jīng)中間退火的拉拔導線,電導率達61.34%IACS,抗拉強度為270.92MPa,伸長率為10.02%,退火工藝研究表明:冷拔導線經(jīng)330℃退火5h,隨爐冷卻,電導率將達到最大值61.88%IACS,此時的抗拉強度為280.56MPa,伸長率為10.36%;而且線材退火后的冷卻方式對合金的性能也有一定的影響,結(jié)果表明,隨爐冷卻的方式要比空冷的冷卻方式,性能優(yōu)良。固溶溫度和時效工藝不同獲得的導線性能也不同,雙級時效較單級時效的電導率和伸長率有明顯提高;冷拔導線經(jīng)480℃×1h水淬+180℃×10h時效+100℃×12h時效,線材的性能最大,電導率為60.16%IACS,抗拉強度為204.32MPa,伸長率為13.21%,且雙級時效處理較單級時效,電導率和伸長率有提高,抗拉強度變化不大。
[Abstract]:8xxx aluminum alloy conductors have good electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and excellent application value. They have been widely used in transmission lines of wire and cable, and the study of aluminum alloy in 8xxx system has become more and more important. On the basis of conducting cable 8076 aluminum alloy conductor, a microalloyed 8xxx alloy wire was developed through the study of alloy composition design, forming and heat treatment process. In order to further improve the electrical conductivity of the alloy, the effect of the addition of rare earth element er on the microstructure and properties of the alloy was studied. When the content of er element was constant, the content of mg element was increased. The effects of different drawing processes on the microstructure and properties of alloy conductors were studied in this experiment, and the optimal drawing deformation process was determined. At the same time, the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of alloy wire was studied, and the reasonable heat treatment process was determined. The results of adding rare earth element er show that when the rare earth element er is added to the alloy, the second phase Al _ 3er particles will be precipitated by the addition of er, which will refine the microstructure of the alloy and improve the electrical properties of the alloy, but it has little effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy. The mechanical and electrical properties of the alloy can not be achieved, so the content of mg is increased when the content of er is kept constant. The results show that when the content of mg is increased, the compound can be precipitated from other alloy elements in the matrix. The mechanical properties of the alloys are improved by dispersion strengthening, but the effect on the electrical properties is little. At this time, both the electrical and mechanical properties of the alloys can meet the performance standards of the national conductor materials. The results show that the optimum drawing process is: the drawing wire annealed at 桅 6.40mm/330 鈩，

本文編號：2121188